TABLE 2.
Phenotypic variation and heritability for the root traits of the 196 wheat accessions under different growing environments.
| Traits | Range | mean | CV (%) | F (G) | F (G*E) | HB2 (%) | |
| IHC | TRL (cm) | 310.3–806.4 | 524.8 ± 57.3 | 22.6 | 4.4** | − | 70.66 |
| TRA (cm2) | 40.2–125.9 | 77.4 ± 16.8 | 23.3 | 5.3** | − | 66.81 | |
| ARD (mm) | 0.39–0.62 | 0.47 ± 0.03 | 8.3 | 8.4** | − | 78.77 | |
| TRV (cm3) | 0.4–1.6 | 0.90 ± 0.60 | 26.8 | 3.7** | − | 66.45 | |
| NRT (count) | 196.3–847.0 | 471.1 ± 15.6 | 31.2 | 8.6** | − | 79.19 | |
| RDW (mg) | 9.8–37.5 | 21.7 ± 27.6 | 27.6 | 3.4** | − | 54.24 | |
| OHC | TRL (cm) | 564.7–1271.3 | 833.3 ± 14.2 | 14.2 | 11.4** | 4.6** | 63.2 |
| TRA (cm2) | 77.5–191.1 | 112.0 ± 17.7 | 14.4 | 9.2** | 4.9** | 59.2 | |
| ARD (mm) | 0.32–0.52 | 0.43 ± 0.1 | 5.8 | 7.1** | 6.1** | 45.9 | |
| TRV (cm3) | 0.6–2.6 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 17.0 | 6.1** | 4.7** | 50.8 | |
| NRT (count) | 335.8–923.7 | 606.5 ± 37.5 | 17.2 | 9.1** | 5.0** | 53.9 | |
| RDW (mg) | 25.2–53.8 | 37.8 ± 12.3 | 12.3 | 81.7** | 72.7** | 54.0 | |
| OPC-SS | TRL (cm) | 224.0–1008.0 | 524.6 ± 48.9 | 27.0 | 7.1** | 6.8** | 48.0 |
| TRA (cm2) | 44.1–168.8 | 95.3 ± 17.3 | 24.4 | 6.7** | 5.8** | 49.9 | |
| ARD (mm) | 0.42–0.80 | 0.58 ± 0.1 | 8.1 | 5.9** | 6.4** | 43.0 | |
| TRV (cm3) | 0.6–3.0 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 28.3 | 6.6** | 5.1** | 51.8 | |
| NRT (count) | 214.3–1198.8 | 589.2 ± 45.6 | 38.2 | 8.3** | 8.1** | 47.1 | |
| RDW (mg) | 22.6–71.1 | 44.0 ± 24.4 | 24.4 | 131.2** | 115.7** | 51.0 | |
| OPC-WP | RDW (mg) | 72.5–185.0 | 120.0 ± 19.1 | 19.1 | 243.6** | 200.5** | 55.9 |
| OPC-JS | RDW (mg) | 200.1–572.8 | 383.0 ± 45.7 | 22.7 | 7.4** | 5.1** | 57.3 |
| OPC-MS | RDW (mg) | 150.2–922.9 | 448.5 ± 34.8 | 34.8 | 72.3** | 57.8** | 55.0 |
TRL, total root length; TRV, total root volume; NRT, number of root tips; TRA, total root area; ARD, average root diameter; RDW, root dry weight; IHC, indoor hydroponic culture; OHC, outdoor hydroponic culture; OPC, outdoor pot culture; SS, seedling stage; WP, wintering period; JS, jointing stage; MS, mature stage; G, genotype; E, environment; HB2, broad sense heritability;−, indicated no variance component; **, Significant at p ≤ 0.01.