Table I.
Angiogenesis pathways in different types of cancer.
| Non-coding RNAs | Target | Up-/down-regulation | Functions | Cancer type | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-29c | PVT1 | Upregulation | Promoted angiogenesis VEGF pathway | NSCLC | (64) |
| miR-942 | BARX2 | Upregulation | Promoted cell migration, invasion, metastasis and EMT | NSCLC | (65) |
| miR-181d-5p | CDKN3 | Downregulation | Suppressed proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and EMT, and increased cell apoptosis | NSCLC | (66) |
| miR-21 | PTEN | Upregulation | PI3K/Akt signaling pathway | NSCLC | (67) |
| miR-195 | VEGF | Downregulation | Suppressed the viability and migration and angiogenesis | SQCLC | (68) |
| miR-126 | RGS3/VEGF | Downregulation | Inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis | Breast cancer | (69,70) |
| miR-4306 | SIX1/Cdc42/VEGFA | Downregulation | Suppressed TNBC cell proliferation, migration and invasion and abrogates angiogenesis | Breast cancer | (71) |
| miR-526b and miR-655 | PTEN | Upregulation | Upregulated the angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis markers, inhibited HIF-1α and the PI3K/Akt pathway | Breast cancer | (72) |
| miR-199b-5p | ALK1 | Downregulation | Attenuated ALK1/Smad/Id1 pathway | Breast cancer | (73) |
| miR-1249 | VEGF A/HMGA2 | Downregulation | Suppressed colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, regulate Akt/mTOR pathway and EMT | Colorectal cancer | (74) |
| miR-150-5p/miR-193a-3p | VEGFA | Downregulation | Inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis, VEGFA/VEGFR2 and Akt/mTOR signaling pathway | Colorectal cancer | (63,75) |
| miR-622 | VEGFA | Downregulation | Suppressed the CXCR4-VEGFA signaling axis | Colorectal cancer | (76) |
| miR-7 | EGFR | Downregulation | ERK signaling pathway | Colorectal cancer | (77) |
| miR-204 | BIRC2 | Downregulation | Suppressed NF-κB signaling pathways | Gastric cancer | (78) |
| miR-632 | TFF1 | Upregulation | Improved tube formation and endothelialcell recruitment, accelerating angiogenesis | Gastric cancer | (79) |
| miR-195-5p | PSAT1 | Downregulation | Inhibited GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway | Ovarian cancer | (80) |
| miR-765 | VEGFA | Downregulation | Decreased the VEGFA/Akt1/SRC-α axis | Ovarian cancer | (82) |
| miR-130b | TNF-α | Upregulation | Attenuated NF-κB signaling and its downstream gene VEGFA | Prostate cancer | (83) |
| miR-335 | EGR3 | Downregulation | Reduced the activity of caspase-3 and inflammatory factor | Prostate cancer | (84) |
| miR-103a-3p and miR-382-5p | ZIC4 | Upregulation | Activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway | Glioma | (85) |
| miR-26a | PTEN | Upregulation | Activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway | Glioma | (34) |
| miR-885-5p | AEG-1 | Downregulation | Inhibited cell migration, invasion, proliferation, angiogenesis and EMT | Hepatocellular carcinoma | (86) |
| miR-30e-5p | AEG-1 | Downregulation | Implicated in the angiogenesis and metastasis | Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck | (87) |
| miR-136 | MAP2K4 | Downregulation | Inhibited angiogenesis and cell proliferation, and promoted apoptosis | Gallbladder cancer | (88) |
| miR-21 | PDCD4 | Upregulation | Regulated PDCD4/c-Jun signaling pathway | Renal cell carcinoma | (89) |
miR, microRNA; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; SQCLC, squamous cell lung cancer; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; Id1, inhibitor of differentiation 1; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; CXCR4, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GSK3β, glycogen syntheses kinase 3β; BARX2, BARX homeobox 2; CDKN3, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 3; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR2, VEGF receptor2; RGS3, regulator of G protein signaling 3; SIX1, SIX homeobox 1; Cdc42, cell division cycle 42; ALK1, activin receptor-like kinase-1; HMGA2, high mobility group AT-hook 2; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; BIRC2, baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2; TFF1, trefoil factor 1; PSAT1, phosphoserine aminotransferase 1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; EGR3, early growth response 3; ZIC4, Zic family member 4; AEG-1, astrocyte elevated gene-1; MAP2K4, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; PDCD4, programmed cell death 4.