Table 2.
Risk Factors for All-Cause 30-Day Mortality in Residents With COVID-19
| Variables | n | Number of Deaths (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted∗ OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 1478 | 747 (50.5) | 2.04 (1.79, 2.33) | 2.60 (2.22, 3.05) |
| Age group, y | ||||
| <70 | 152 | 34 (22.4) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| 70-74 | 280 | 88 (31.4) | 1.59 (1.01, 2.51) | 1.45 (0.89, 2.39) |
| 75-79 | 519 | 167 (32.2) | 1.65 (1.08, 2.52) | 1.50 (0.95, 2.38) |
| 80-84 | 792 | 321 (40.5) | 2.37 (1.57, 3.55) | 2.44 (1.57, 3.81) |
| 85-89 | 1045 | 449 (43.0) | 2.62 (1.75, 3.90) | 2.99 (1.93, 4.65) |
| ≥90 | 1389 | 588 (42.3) | 2.55 (1.72, 3.79) | 3.28 (2.11, 5.10) |
| BMI categories | ||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 265 | 120 (45.3) | 1.28 (0.99, 1.66) | 1.31 (0.98, 1.77) |
| Normal weight (18.5-24.99) | 1865 | 733 (39.3) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Overweight (25.0-29.99) | 1334 | 520 (39.0) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.22) |
| Obesity (≥30) | 707 | 272 (38.5) | 0.97 (0.81, 1,15) | 1.16 (0.94, 1.44) |
| Neuropsychological conditions | ||||
| None | 938 | 305 (32.5) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Mild dementia or depression | 1931 | 744 (38.5) | 1.30 (1.10, 1.53) | 1.47 (1.22, 1.77) |
| Severe dementia or depression | 1095 | 525 (48.0) | 1.91 (1.60, 2.29) | 2.18 (1.76, 2.71) |
| Known previous falls | 2059 | 868 (42.2) | 1.24 (1.09, 1.41) | 1.07 (0.92, 1.24) |
| Walking ability | ||||
| Safe with or without walking aids | 1584 | 498 (31.4) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Unsafe walk | 1419 | 631 (44.5) | 1.75 (1.50, 2.03) | 1.30 (1.09, 1.55) |
| Unable to walk | 889 | 417 (46.9) | 1.93 (1.63, 2.28) | 1.45 (1.17, 1.78) |
| Fluid intake, mL/d | ||||
| >1000 | 2315 | 900 (38.9) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| 700-1000 | 1402 | 557 (39.7) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.19) | 0.94 (0.80, 1.09) |
| <700 | 225 | 105 (46.7) | 1.38 (1.05, 1.81) | 1.09 (0.79, 1.51) |
| Food intake | ||||
| Normal serving | 2747 | 1049 (38.2) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| ¾ serving | 720 | 307 (42.6) | 1.20 (1.02, 1.42) | 1.15 (0.95, 1.39) |
| ≤½ serving | 475 | 206 (43.4) | 1.24 (1.02, 1.51) | 1.13 (0.89, 1.44) |
| General physical condition | ||||
| Good | 2210 | 788 (35.7) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Fair | 1597 | 703 (44.0) | 1.42 (1.24, 1.62) | 1.20 (1.04, 1.40) |
| Poor or very bad | 135 | 71 (52.6) | 2.00 (1.41, 2.84) | 1.41 (0.95, 2.08) |
| Incontinence | ||||
| No | 1041 | 319 (30.6) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Temporarily but unusual | 602 | 207 (34.4) | 1.19 (0.96, 1.47) | 1.00 (0.79, 1.27) |
| Urinary or bowel | 965 | 401 (41.6) | 1.61 (1.34, 1.94) | 1.23 (1.00, 1.52) |
| Urinary and bowel | 1334 | 635 (47.6) | 2.06 (1.74, 2.44) | 1.51 (1.22, 1.85) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Stroke | 1048 | 441 (42.1) | 1.16 (1.01, 1.34) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.21) |
| Myocardial infarction | 500 | 220 (44.0) | 1.24 (1.03, 1.50) | 0.93 (0.74, 1.18) |
| Angina pectoris | 643 | 278 (43.2) | 1.21 (1.02, 1.43) | 1.12 (0.91, 1.38) |
| Heart failure | 856 | 366 (42.8) | 1.19 (1.02, 1.39) | 0.95 (0.78, 1.17) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1109 | 468 (42.2) | 1.17 (1.02, 1.35) | 0.94 (0.78, 1.13) |
| Autoimmune disease | 534 | 231 (43.3) | 1.20 (1.00, 1.44) | 1.19 (0.97, 1.47) |
| Diabetes | 928 | 428 (46.1) | 1.43 (1.23, 1.65) | 1.36 (1.14, 1.62) |
| COPD | 539 | 221 (41.0) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.30) | 1.01 (0.81, 1.27) |
| Asthma | 305 | 109 (35.7) | 0.84 (0.66, 1.08) | 0.79 (0.59, 1.05) |
| Cancer | 1833 | 736 (40.2) | 1.06 (0.93, 1.20) | 0.91 (0.78, 1.05) |
| Renal failure or chronic kidney disease | 566 | 273 (48.2) | 1.52 (1.27, 1.81) | 1.37 (1.11, 1.68) |
| Liver disease | 82 | 30 (36.6) | 0.88 (0.56, 1.39) | 0.88 (0.52, 1.50) |
| Sepsis | 350 | 147 (42.0) | 1.12 (0.90, 1.40) | 0.80 (0.62, 1.04) |
| Influenza | 208 | 90 (43.3) | 1.18 (0.89, 1.57) | 0.98 (0.71, 1.36) |
| Pneumonia | 1013 | 493 (48.7) | 1.65 (1.43, 1.91) | 1.57 (1.32, 1.85) |
| Alcohol intoxication | 264 | 86 (32.6) | 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) | 0.73 (0.53, 1.00) |
| Medications | ||||
| Antithrombotics | 2461 | 1013 (41.2) | 1.19 (1.05, 1.36) | 1.04 (0.88, 1.23) |
| Antihypertensives (other than diuretics) | 2494 | 1003 (40.2) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.23) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.18) |
| Diuretics | 1794 | 761 (42.4) | 1.25 (1.10, 1.41) | 1.14 (0.97, 1.34) |
| Antidepressants | 2409 | 979 (40.6) | 1.13 (0.99, 1.28) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.28) |
| Psycholeptics | 2935 | 1172 (39.9) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.23) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.21) |
BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
∗
Adjusted for all variables in column 1 and days since Senior Alert registration. The analysis included n = 3732 participants and 1488 cases of death.