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. 2021 Jun 24;40:209. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-01972-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Overexpression of TRAIL promotes ESCC cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. a, b TRAIL overexpression effects in EC1 and TE1 cells were confirmed by RT-qPCR (left) and flow cytometry (right). c, d Sphere formation and transwell assays of TRAIL overexpression and control EC1 and TE1 cells. Representative images and quantitative analysis are shown in the left and right panels, respectively. e CCK-8 assay to determine cell proliferative capacity of EC1 (top) and TE1 (bottom) cells. f, g RT-qPCR and western blot of cell stemness-related genes. NC, negative control. The data are presented as the mean ± SD. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 (unpaired t-test)