TABLE 4.
Patient characteristics and operative details
| Authors | Sex | Average age at implantation (range) | Duration to implantation (range) | Medical treatment | Full or partial insertion | Implant type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abou‐Elhmd et al, 1996 | 1 male | 71 | Over 26 months | Prednisolone, cyclophosphamide | Not stated | Digisonic 15 |
| Aftab et al, 2010 |
4 males 6 females |
49.6(31‐77) | 14(1‐96) months |
Steroids: All except 2 AIED patients (range: 9 days to 10 years). MTX + steroids: 3 patients |
Full |
Nucleus 24 system: 9 patients Med‐El Combi 40+: 1 patient |
| AlHelali et al, 2019 | 1 female | 30 | Over 2 years | Prednisolone, atropine eye drops, mycophenolate mofetil | Full | MED‐EL CONCERTO |
| Aschendorff et al, 2004 | 6 females | 31.5 | 4.2(0.1‐11) years | Not stated | Full |
Nucleus CI22M: 1 (+1 re‐implant due to CI22 failure), Nucleus CI22: 2 Nucleus CI24RCS: 3 |
| Bacciu et al, 2014 |
4 males 8 females |
34.1(16‐52) | 19 (6‐48) months | All but one had preoperative steroid and immunosuppressive therapy. | Full |
Nucleus 24M device: 4 Nucleus 22M device: 1 Nucleus Contour model: 2 MXM Digisonic device: 5 |
| Bovo et al, 2011 | 3 females | 32.3(18‐48) | Not stated |
Case 1: Not stated Case 2: Steroid, cyclophosphamides, MTX Case 3: “Prompt immunosuppresion” |
Not stated |
Case 1: Cochlear Nucleus 24 Case 2: MED‐EL Sonata TI100 Case 3: Cochlear Nucleus 24k |
| Cacco et al, 2021 | 1 female | 35 | 2 months | Corticosteroids and MTX | Not stated | HiFocus Advantage |
| Canzi et al, 2019 | 1 female | 53 | 1.5 months | Prednisolone, MTX | Partial | Digisonic SP |
| Cassis et al, 2018 | 1 female | 24 | 7 weeks | High dose steroid, MTX | Full | HiRes ultra device with mid‐scala electrode |
| Cheng et al, 2010 | 1 female | 63 | Not stated |
Oral prednisolone, pulsed MP, mycophenolate, IT dexamethasone into right ear. Trial of cyclosporin |
Not stated | Nucleus CI‐24RE(ST) implant |
| Dhanjal et al, 2014 | 1 male | 40 | 4 years | Prednisolone | Full | Nucleus CI422 electrode |
| Im et al, 2008 | 1 female | 25 | 7 months | Oral steroids, MTX | Full | Combi 40 device |
| Kamakura et al, 2017 | 1 male | 63 | Around 3 years | Oral steroids | Full | HiRes 90K receiver stimulator with HiFocus Helix electrodes (perimodiolar) |
| Kawamura et al, 2010 | 1 female | 57 | Around 3 years | Corticosteroids, MTX | Full | Nucleus CI24R device |
| Kontorinis et al, 2010 | 4 females | 24.4(9.7‐35.8) | 46.3(11‐93) months | Case 4: Systemic corticosteroids and MTX | Not stated | Not stated |
| Low et al, 2019 | 1 female | 23 | 4 months | Oral & IT steroids, hyperbaric oxygen, cyclophosphamide | Not stated | HiRes 90K HiFocus Mid‐Scala |
| Low et al, 2000 | 1 male | 35 | 10 years | Oral steroids | Full | Nucleus 22 |
| Malik et al, 2012 |
13 males 13 females |
54.53 (24‐84) | 12.4(1‐53.73) months |
Oral steroids: 7 Oral and IT steroids: 8 Immunosuppressants, for example, MTX, cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil: 9 |
Full except 2 | Not stated |
| Mowry et al, 2017 | 1 female | 49 | 15 months | Steroids, IVIg, plasmapheresis | Not stated | Nucleus 24 RE with Contour Advance electrode |
| Patrizia et al, 2011 | 1 female | 29 | 12 months | Steroids and AZA (initially diagnosed as having Cogan's) | not stated | Clarion 1.2 |
| Psillas et al, 2007 | 1 male | 71 | 57 months | Corticotherapy | Full | Nucleus 3G |
| Quaranta et al, 2002 |
3 males 2 females |
33.6(22) | 13(6–24) months | Prednisolone in one case, and prednisolone with cyclosporin in 2 cases | Not stated |
Cases 1, 2, 4 and 5: Nucleus 24 Case 3: Nucleus 22 |
| Salahaldin et al, 2010 | 1 male | 2 months | 10 years | Prednisolone, MTX |
Partial (left) Full (right) |
MedEL C40+ device (left) MedEl pulser (right) |
| Santarelli et al, 2006 | 1 female | 18 | 4 years | Not stated | Not stated | Nucleus Esprit 3G |
| Seo et al, 2012 | 1 male | 34 | 4.5 years | Prednisolone, MTX, plasmapheresis, | Partial | Clarion HiRes90k |
| Sweetow et al, 2005 | 1 female | 4 | 6 months | Prednisolone | Not stated | Nucleus 24C |
| Sydlowski et al, 2014 | 1 female | 26 | 6 months | Oral prednisolone, IT steroids | Not stated | Nucleus Freedom Contour Advance CI24RE(CA) |
| Wang et al, 2010 |
7 males 18 females |
45.8(23‐73) | Not stated | Corticosteroids in some | 24 patients full, 1 partial |
Clarion C90K: 7 Nucleus 22M: 6 Med‐El Pulsar: 2 Nucleus Contour: 2 Clarion 1.2 enhanced bipolar: 2 Clarion 1.2 standard: 2 Clarion HiFocus: 1 Clarion II: 1 Nucleus 24M: 1 Nucleus Freedom: 1 |
| Watanabe et al, 2018 | 4 females |
Case 1: 71 Case 2: 35 Case 3: 49 Case 4: 67 |
Case 1: 22 Case 2: 4 Case 3: 89 Case 4: 8 (months) |
Case 1: AZA, prednisolone Case 2: MP, Tacrolimus Case 3: Cyclophosphamide, prednisolone Case 4: Steroid, MTX |
Not stated throughout | Not stated |
Abbreviations: AZA, Azathioprine; IT, Intratympanic; IVIg, Intravenous Immunoglobulin; MP, Methylprednisolone; MTX, Methotrexate; ST, Scala Tympani; SV, Scala Vestibuli.