Table 1.
Overview over baseline characteristics of the study population overall and stratified by endpoints
| Variable | Time period considered | Total (N=26 262) |
All-cause mortality | Mechanical ventilation/ECLS/resuscitation/death | |||||||||
| Deceased (n=2241) |
Alive (n=24 021) |
P value | EP+ (n=4716) |
EP− (n=21 546) |
P value | ||||||||
| Age (median (Q1–Q3)), years | At admission | 31 (1–74) | 76 (64–84) | 12 (1–70) | <0.001 | 67 (48–79) | 7 (1–70) | <0.001 | |||||
| No of previous viral pneumonias | At admission | 0.008 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| None | 24 980 | 95.1% | 2111 | 94.2% | 22 869 | 95.2% | 4355 | 92.3% | 20 625 | 95.7% | |||
| 1 | 1102 | 4.2% | 120 | 5.4% | 982 | 4.1% | 308 | 6.5% | 794 | 3.7% | |||
| 2 | 180 | 0.7% | 10 | 0.4% | 170 | 0.7% | 53 | 1.1% | 127 | 0.6% | |||
| Female gender | 12 793 | 48.7% | 1059 | 47.3% | 11 734 | 48.8% | 0.15 | 2234 | 47.4% | 10 559 | 49.0% | 0.04 | |
| CHD complexity | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||||
| 0—No CHD | 25 082 | 95.5% | 2211 | 98.7% | 22 871 | 95.2% | 4490 | 95.2% | 20 592 | 95.6% | |||
| 1—Simple defect | 831 | 3.2% | 17 | 0.8% | 814 | 3.4% | 128 | 2.7% | 703 | 3.3% | |||
| 2—Moderate complexity | 197 | 0.8% | 6 | 0.3% | 191 | 0.8% | 44 | 0.9% | 153 | 0.7% | |||
| 3—Complex CHD | 152 | 0.6% | 7 | 0.3% | 145 | 0.6% | 54 | 1.1% | 98 | 0.5% | |||
| Chromosomal anomaly | Prior to admission | 343 | 1.3% | 20 | 0.9% | 323 | 1.3% | 0.08 | 83 | 1.8% | 260 | 1.2% | 0.004 |
| History of cerebral infarction | Prior to admission | 1564 | 6.0% | 328 | 14.6% | 1236 | 5.1% | <0.001 | 478 | 10.1% | 1086 | 5.0% | <0.001 |
| History of myocardial infarction | Prior to admission | 702 | 2.7% | 126 | 5.6% | 576 | 2.4% | <0.001 | 224 | 4.7% | 478 | 2.2% | <0.001 |
| Diagnosis of heart failure | Prior to admission | 948 | 3.6% | 191 | 8.5% | 757 | 3.2% | <0.001 | 304 | 6.4% | 644 | 3.0% | <0.001 |
| History of cancer | Prior to admission | 4690 | 17.9% | 972 | 43.4% | 3718 | 15.5% | <0.001 | 1447 | 30.7% | 3243 | 15.1% | <0.001 |
| Immune disease | Prior to admission | 1066 | 4.1% | 116 | 5.2% | 950 | 4.0% | 0.007 | 223 | 4.7% | 843 | 3.9% | 0.012 |
| History of diabetes | Prior to admission | 4350 | 16.6% | 773 | 34.5% | 3577 | 14.9% | <0.001 | 1364 | 28.9% | 2986 | 13.9% | <0.001 |
| Obesity | Prior to admission | 3323 | 12.7% | 485 | 21.6% | 2838 | 11.8% | <0.001 | 1006 | 21.3% | 2317 | 10.8% | <0.001 |
| Smoking history | Prior to admission | 1737 | 6.6% | 272 | 12.1% | 1465 | 6.1% | <0.001 | 621 | 13.2% | 1116 | 5.2% | <0.001 |
| History of alcohol abuse | Prior to admission | 800 | 3.0% | 156 | 7.0% | 644 | 2.7% | <0.001 | 301 | 6.4% | 499 | 2.3% | <0.001 |
| Severe renal dysfunction | Prior to admission | 425 | 1.6% | 76 | 3.4% | 349 | 1.5% | <0.001 | 147 | 3.1% | 278 | 1.3% | <0.001 |
| History of arrhythmia | Prior to admission | 3561 | 13.6% | 635 | 28.3% | 2926 | 12.2% | <0.001 | 1036 | 22.0% | 2525 | 11.7% | <0.001 |
| Arterial hypertension | Prior to admission | 8663 | 33.0% | 1533 | 68.4% | 7130 | 29.7% | <0.001 | 2624 | 55.6% | 6039 | 28.0% | <0.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | Prior to admission | 7816 | 29.8% | 777 | 34.7% | 7039 | 29.3% | <0.001 | 1612 | 34.2% | 6204 | 28.8% | <0.001 |
| Documented vaccination | |||||||||||||
| Influenza | 1 year prior | 4199 | 16.0% | 647 | 28.9% | 3552 | 14.8% | <0.001 | 1157 | 24.5% | 3042 | 14.1% | <0.001 |
| Pneumococcal disease | 5 years prior | 1757 | 6.7% | 248 | 11.1% | 1509 | 6.3% | <0.001 | 481 | 10.2% | 1276 | 5.9% | <0.001 |
| Prescription medication | |||||||||||||
| Cardiac medication | 1 year prior | 10 063 | 38.3% | 1741 | 77.7% | 8322 | 34.6% | <0.001 | 3012 | 63.9% | 7051 | 32.7% | <0.001 |
| Antidepressant or antipsychotic drugs | 1 year prior | 3768 | 14.3% | 720 | 32.1% | 3048 | 12.7% | <0.001 | 1172 | 24.9% | 2596 | 12.0% | <0.001 |
| Anticonvulsives | 1 year prior | 2212 | 8.4% | 357 | 15.9% | 1855 | 7.7% | <0.001 | 690 | 14.6% | 1522 | 7.1% | <0.001 |
| NSAIDs | 1 year prior | 9062 | 34.5% | 658 | 29.4% | 8404 | 35.0% | <0.001 | 1416 | 30.0% | 7646 | 35.5% | <0.001 |
| Antidiabetics | 1 year prior | 2790 | 10.6% | 490 | 21.9% | 2300 | 9.6% | <0.001 | 911 | 19.3% | 1879 | 8.7% | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary hypertension drugs | 1 year prior | 69 | 0.3% | 11 | 0.5% | 58 | 0.2% | 0.047 | 24 | 0.5% | 45 | 0.2% | 0.001 |
| Anticoagulation vitamin K antagonists | 1 year prior | 1425 | 5.4% | 249 | 11.1% | 1176 | 4.9% | <0.001 | 429 | 9.1% | 996 | 4.6% | <0.001 |
| Novel oral anticoagulants | 1 year prior | 1244 | 4.7% | 263 | 11.7% | 981 | 4.1% | <0.001 | 407 | 8.6% | 837 | 3.9% | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 1 year prior | 2432 | 9.3% | 474 | 21.2% | 1958 | 8.2% | <0.001 | 745 | 15.8% | 1687 | 7.8% | <0.001 |
| Immunosuppressant medication | 1 year prior | 6073 | 23.1% | 706 | 31.5% | 5367 | 22.3% | <0.001 | 1313 | 27.8% | 4760 | 22.1% | <0.001 |
P-values represent comparisons between endpoint positive and negative groups. Significant values are given in bold.
CHD, congenital heart disease; ECLS, extracorporeal lung support; EP, endpoint; NSAIDS, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Q1–Q3, first and third quartiles.