Table 1.
Patient demographics and baseline characteristics
|
Variable
|
Category
|
COVID-19 negative (n = 146)
|
COVID-19 positive (n = 51)
|
P
value1
|
| Age | - | 77.3 ± 12.8 | 79.3 ± 11.0 | 0.31 |
| Gender, n (%) | Female | 92 (63) | 28 (49) | 0.08 |
| Male | 54 (37) | 26 (51) | ||
| ASA grade, n (%) | 1 or 2 | 46 (32) | 15 (29) | 0.64 |
| 3 | 64 (44) | 20 (39) | ||
| 4 | 36 (25) | 16 (31) | ||
| Number of comorbidities | - | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 0.23 |
| Dementia, n (%) | No | 93 (64) | 36 (71) | 0.37 |
| Yes | 53 (36) | 15 (29) | ||
| Mobility, n (%) | Independent | 65 (47) | 18 (36) | 0.14 |
| Stick | 48 (35) | 16 (32) | ||
| Frame | 26 (19) | 16 (32) | ||
| Admission haemoglobin (g/L) | - | 116 ± 19 | 108 ± 18 | 0.02 |
| Admission leucocytes (× 109/L) | - | 1.1 [0.8, 1.3] | 1.1 [0.7, 1.3] | 0.50 |
| Procedure, n (%) | Cannulated screw | 16 (11) | 4 (8) | 0.28 |
| Dynamic hip screw | 29 (20) | 14 (28) | ||
| Intramedullary nail | 34 (23) | 11 (22) | ||
| Hemiarthroplasty | 56 (39) | 21 (42) | ||
| Total hip replacement | 10 (7) | 0 (0) | ||
| Operative time | - | 80 [65, 102] | 71 [58, 83] | 0.008 |
| Surgeon level, n (%) | Senior house officer | 4 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.48 |
| Registrar | 102 (70) | 32 (64) | ||
| Associate specialist | 11 (8) | 5 (10) | ||
| Consultant | 28 (19) | 26 (13) | ||
| Admission to surgery (d) | - | 2 [1, 3] | 3 [2, 5] | 0.03 |
| Anaesthesia, n (%) | General | 80 (55) | 30 (61) | 0.46 |
| Spinal | 65 (45) | 19 (39) |
Summary statistics are: mean ± SD, median [inter-quartile range] or number (percentage).
1
P values indicating the significance of the difference between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive and COVID-19 negative cohorts. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiologists.