Table 1. Characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristic | Category | N (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Hepatitis A (n = 315) | Non Hepatitis A (n = 242) | |||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | <0.001 | |||
| ≤1 year | 2 (0.6) | 16 (6.6) | ||
| 1–≤5 years | 70 (22.2) | 47 (19.4) | ||
| 5–≤10 years | 182 (57.8) | 64 (26.4) | ||
| 10–≤14 years | 46 (14.6) | 32 (13.2) | ||
| 14–≤18 years | 10 (3.2) | 11 (4.5) | ||
| >18 years | 5 (1.6) | 72 (29.8) | ||
| Sex | 1.000 | |||
| female | 157 (49.8) | 120 (49.6) | ||
| male | 158 (50.2) | 122 (50.4) | ||
| Socioeconomic | ||||
| Housing | 0.013 | |||
| no crowding | 141 (44.8) | 135 (55.8) | ||
| crowding | 174 (55.2) | 107 (44.2) | ||
| Toilets | 1.000 | |||
| outside | 157 (49.8) | 99 (40.9) | ||
| inside | 158 (50.2) | 143 (59.1) | ||
| Water | 0.044 | |||
| outside | 57 (18.1) | 43 (17.8) | ||
| inside | 258 (81.9) | 199 (82.2) | ||
| Clinical features | ||||
| Jaundice | <0.001 | |||
| no | 14 (4.4) | 48 (19.8) | ||
| yes | 301 (95.6) | 194 (80.2) | ||
| Pale stool | <0.001 | |||
| no | 207 (65.7) | 203 (83.9) | ||
| yes | 108 (34.3) | 39 (16.1) | ||
| Dark urine | <0.001 | |||
| no | 120 (38.1) | 162 (66.9) | ||
| yes | 195 (61.9) | 80 (33.1) | ||
| Nausea | <0.001 | |||
| no | 83 (26.3) | 98 (40.5) | ||
| yes | 232 (73.7) | 144 (59.5) | ||
| Vomiting | 0.001 | |||
| no | 81 (25.7) | 127 (52.5) | ||
| yes | 234 (74.3) | 115 (47.5) | ||
| Fever | 0.014 | |||
| no | 64 (20.3) | 72 (29.8) | ||
| yes | 251 (79.7) | 170 (70.2) | ||
| Anorexic | 0.004 | |||
| no | 55 (17.5) | 68 (28.1) | ||
| yes | 260 (82.5) | 174 (71.9) | ||
| Malaise | 0.101 | |||
| no | 46 (14.6) | 49 (20.2) | ||
| yes | 269 (85.4) | 193 (79.8) | ||
| Laboratory finding* | ||||
| Liver enzymes GOT | <0.001 | |||
| elevated | 281 (89.2) | 108 (44.6) | ||
| normal | 34 (10.8) | 134 (55.4) | ||
| Liver enzymes GTP | <0.001 | |||
| elevated | 289 (91.7) | 93 (38.4) | ||
| normal | 26 (8.3) | 149 (61.6) | ||
| Total serum bilirubin | <0.001 | |||
| elevated | 274 (87.0) | 118 (48.8) | ||
| normal | 41 (13.0) | 124 (51.2) | ||
Notes.
*
cut-off definitions are described in the Methods section.