Table 1.
Ingredients and chemical composition of experimental diets.
| Diets | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item | Control | CH | CH + R | CH + M |
| Ingredients (% as fed basis) | ||||
| Wheat | 43.9 | 44.0 | 44.0 | 44.0 |
| Corn | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 |
| Soybean meal 48 | 25.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| Whey powder | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Soybean oil | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Chlorella vulgaris | 0 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Rovabio® Excel AP | 0 | 0 | 0.005 | 0 |
| Four-CAZyme mixture | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 |
| Energy (kcal ME 1/kg as fed basis) | 3428 | 3436 | 3449 | 3449 |
| Proximate composition (% as fed basis) | ||||
| Dry matter | 90.5 | 90.8 | 90.8 | 90.9 |
| Crude protein | 19.3 | 19.2 | 19.5 | 19.4 |
| Crude fat | 5.29 | 5.39 | 5.39 | 5.63 |
| Ash | 5.43 | 5.65 | 5.47 | 5.60 |
| NDF | 12.9 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 10.4 |
| ADF | 2.76 | 2.45 | 2.58 | 2.54 |
| Fatty acid composition (% total fatty acids) | ||||
| 14:0 | 0.351 | 0.380 | 0.380 | 0.361 |
| 16:0 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 10.9 | 11.1 |
| 16:1n-7 | 0.158 | 0.903 | 0.900 | 0.677 |
| 17:0 | 0.095 | 0.104 | 0.103 | 0.104 |
| 17:1n-8 | 0.040 | 0.583 | 0.643 | 0.828 |
| 18:0 | 3.35 | 3.33 | 3.38 | 3.26 |
| 18:1n-9 | 24.8 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.6 |
| 18:1n-7 | 0.909 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.10 |
| 18:2n-6 | 55.8 | 53.3 | 53.2 | 52.9 |
| 18:3n-3 | 1.55 | 2.18 | 2.23 | 2.52 |
| β-Carotene and tocopherol profile (μg/g) | ||||
| β-Carotene | n.d. | 13.3 | 13.7 | 14.5 |
| α-Tocopherol | 28.6 | 19.9 | 22.1 | 24.2 |
| β-Tocopherol | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.00 | 1.12 |
| γ-Tocopherol | 2.52 | 2.00 | 2.21 | 2.11 |
| δ-Tocopherol | 0.502 | 0.334 | 0.387 | 0.396 |
| α-Tocotrienol | 3.43 | 3.73 | 3.58 | 3.53 |
| γ-Tocotrienol | 1.38 | 1.51 | 1.69 | 1.46 |
| Pigments (µg/g) | ||||
| Chlorophyll-a 2 | 3.38 | 109 | 130 | 135 |
| Chlorophyll-b 3 | 6.05 | 31.9 | 42.6 | 39.8 |
| Total chlorophylls 4 | 9.43 | 141 | 172 | 174 |
| Total carotenoids 5 | 2.67 | 36.9 | 44.5 | 52.9 |
| Total chlorophylls and total carotenoids 6 | 12.1 | 178 | 217 | 227 |
Dietary treatments: CH, Chlorella vulgaris diet; CH + R, C. vulgaris diet supplemented with 0.005% of Rovabio® Excel AP; CH + M, C. vulgaris diet supplemented with 0.01% of four-CAZyme mixture. ADF, acid detergent fiber; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ME, metabolizable energy; n.d., not detected. 1 Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg DM) = 4412 − 11.06 × ash (g/kg DM) + 3.37 × crude fat (g/kg DM) − 5.18 × ADF (g/kg DM). 2 Ca = 11.24 A662 − 2.04 A645. 3 Cb = 20.13 A645 − 4.19 A662. 4 Ca + b = 7.05 A662 + 18.09 A645. 5 Cx + c = (1000 A470 − 1.90 Ca−63.14 Cb)/214. 6 (Ca + b) + (Cx + c). Bolded words thorought the table are topic headings.