Table III.
Mean heart rate response during autonomic function test parasympathetic function in smokeless tobacco chewers (n=300) and non-tobacco chewers (n=300)
| Groups | HR response to standing (bpm) | 95% CI for mean |
|---|---|---|
| STC | 1.25±0.17*** | 1.23-1.27 |
| NTC | 1.30±0.18 | 1.28-1.32 |
| HR response during deep breathing (bpm) | ||
| STC | 1.25±0.11*** | 1.23-1.26 |
| NTC | 1.31±0.11 | 1.30-1.32 |
| HR response during Valsalva manoeuvre (bpm) | ||
| STC | 1.58±0.27 | 1.55-1.61 |
| NTC | 1.62±0.26 | 1.59-1.65 |
Values are mean±SD; ***P<0.001 compared to NTC group. NTC, non-tobacco chewers; STC, smokeless tobacco chewers; bpm, beats/minute; CI, confidence interval; HR, heart rate; SD, standard deviation