Figure 3.
Effect of Dolosigranulum pigrum strains on the innate immune response of human respiratory epithelial cells triggered by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Calu-3 2B4 cells were stimulated with D. pigrum 040417 or 030918 (5 × 107 cells/mL) for 24 h and then challenged with SARS-CoV-2. Calu-3 2B4 cells with no bacterial treatment and challenged with the virus were used as controls. Cytokines levels in culture supernatants were determined by ELISA at hours 48 and 72 post-infection. The results represent data from three independent experiments. Significant difference when compared to the control at the same time point: * p < 0.05 or ** p < 0.01.