Table 3.
The effect of mycotoxins AFB1 and OTA and the multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA) on the gross lesions (intestine, gizzard, and liver) and physicochemical measurements of intestinal content (pH and viscosity) in broiler chicks ( ± Std).
| Group A Negative Control |
Group B Mycotoxins |
Group C Mycotoxins+ MMDA 1 g/kg Feed |
Group D Mycotoxins+ MMDA 3 g/kg Feed |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Lesions score | ||||
| Intestine # | 1.44 ± 0.82 | 1.63 ± 0.71 | 1.65 ± 1.05 | 1.74 ± 0.79 |
| Gizzard ǁ | 0.23 ± 0.42 a | 0.18 ± 0.5 a | 0.08 ± 0.27 a | 0.03 ± 0.16 b |
| Liver ¶ | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.15 ± 0.43 | 0.25 ± 0.44 | 0.3 ± 0.46 |
| pH of Intestinal Digesta | ||||
| Duodenum | 5.88 ± 0.53 a | 5.95 ± 0.55 b | 6.02 ± 0.19 b | 5.98 ± 0.11 b |
| Jejunum | 5.89 ± 0.17 a | 6.08 ± 0.15 b | 5.94 ± 0.2a b | 5.84 ± 0.15 a |
| Ileum | 6.39 ± 0.65 a | 5.84 ± 0.88 ab | 5.57 ± 0.65 b | 5.33 ± 0.59 b |
| Caeca | 6.01 ± 0.36 a | 5.97 ± 0.32 a | 6.18 ± 0.22 ab | 6.41 ± 0.36 b |
| Viscosity of Intestinal Digesta | ||||
| Jejunum | 1.39 ± 0.46 | 1.57 ± 0.8 | 1.28 ± 0.39 | 1.5 ± 0.48 |
| Ileum | 1.47 ± 0.56 | 1.58 ± 0.64 | 1.14 ± 0.15 | 1.41 ± 0.46 |
a,b Means with different superscripts in the same row differ significantly (p < 0.05). p values Gizzard lesions: Group A vs. Group D p = 0.042. p values pH duodenum: Group A vs. Group B = 0.006; A vs. C = 0.012; A vs. D < 0.001; pH Jejunum: Group A vs. Group B = 0.011; B vs. D = 0.001; pH Ileum: Group A vs. Group C = 0.01; A vs. D < 0.001; pH Caeca: Group A vs. Group D = 0.007; B vs. D = 0.002. # Enteritis gross lesions 0–3 scoring system: 0 = normal intestinal wall, 1 = hyperemia of intestinal wall and/or undigested intestinal content in the last third of intestine, 2 = congestion and thickness of intestinal wall and/or watery intestinal content; 3 = hemorrhages of intestinal wall. ǁ Gizzards gross lesions 0–2 scoring system: 0 = healthy gizzard (absence of lesions); 1 = moderately affected gizzard, if erosions in the koilin layer were present; 2 = severely affected gizzard (ulcers of the cuticula of the gizzard were noted). ¶ Livers gross lesions 0–2 scoring system: 0 = absence of lesions; 1 = liver congestion and/or gallbladder distension and wall thickening and/or bile discoloration; 2 = necrotic lesions in the liver.