Table 1.
Normal ranges of vitamin D metabolites in various biological matrices.
| Matrix | Analyte | Method | Average Concentration | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AF | 25(OH)D3 | LC–MS/MS | 0.4–3.2 ng/mL | [59] |
| 24,25(OH)2D3 | RIA | 0.017–0.225 ng/mL | [58] | |
| 1,25(OH)2D3 | RIA | 4.3–24.3 ng/mL | [58] | |
| Breast milk | D3-S | LC–MS/MS | 99.28–109.52 pg/mL | [38] |
| 25(OH)D3 | LC–MS/MS | 32.04–37.56 pg/mL | [38] | |
| CSF | Total 25(OH)D | RIA | 2.0–24.8 ng/mL | [60] |
| Total 24,25(OH)2D | RIA | 0.3–4.6 ng/mL | [60] | |
| Total 1,25(OH)2D | RIA | 2.2–39 pg/mL | [60] | |
| Serum/plasma | 25(OH)D3 | LC–MS/MS | 30–80 ng/mL | [61] |
| 25(OH)D2 | LC–MS/MS | 0.62–5.63 ng/mL | [62] | |
| 3-epi-25(OH)D3 (infant) | LC–MS/MS | 0–92 ng/mL | [63] | |
| 3-epi-25(OH)D3 (pediatric) | LC–MS/MS | 0–3 ng/mL | [63] | |
| 3-epi-25(OH)D3 (adult) | LC–MS/MS | 0–9 ng/mL | [63] | |
| 24,25-(OH)2D3 | LC–MS/MS | 2–8 ng/mL | [61] | |
| 1α,25(OH)2D3 | LC–MS/MS | 31–72 pg/mL | [21] | |
| 1β,25(OH)2D3 | LC–MS/MS | 3–19 pg/mL | [21] | |
| D2-S | LC–MS/MS | 0.192–0.203 ng/mL | [38] | |
| D3-S | LC–MS/MS | 0.267–0.296 ng/mL | [38] | |
| 25(OH)D2-S | LC–MS/MS | 0.566–0.613 ng/mL | [38] | |
| 25(OH)D3-S | LC–MS/MS | 4.115–4.200 ng/mL | [38] | |
| Synovial fluid | 3epi-25(OH)D3 | LC–MS/MS | 0.832–1.59 ng/mL | [19] |
| Umbilical cord blood | 25(OH)D | RIA | 6.1–12.7 ng/mL | [56] |
| 24,25(OH)2D3 | RIA | 0.14–1.66 ng/mL | [58] | |
| 1,25(OH)2D3 | RIA | 10.65–47.78 pg/mL | [58] | |
| Urine | 25(OH)D3 | LC–MS/MS | 3.6–25.2 ng/g creatinine | [41] |
| 24,25(OH)2D3 | LC–MS/MS | 11.7–83.2 ng/g creatinine | [41] |
Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D3: calcitriol; 24,25(OH)2D3: 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol; 25(OH)D3: calcidiol; AF: amniotic fluid; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; D2-S: ergocalciferol sulfate; D3-S: cholecalciferol sulfate; LC–MS/MS: liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; RIA: radioimmunoassay.