Figure 2.

Synthetic pathways for FA or FA and CO₂ assimilations. a) Fls pathway, b) SACA pathway, c) rTHF‐rgcv pathway, d) modified serine cycle, and e) synthetic homoserine cycle. All of the synthetic FA assimilation pathways reported to date are shown. Pathways in blue‐colored boxes are developed using de novo enzymes. Pathways in green‐colored boxes are developed by reconstruction of FA assimilation pathways. Enzymes involved in the synthetic pathways are indicated in blue. Abbreviations are: 2‐OG, 2‐oxoglutarate; 5,10‐CH₂—THF, 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate; 5,10‐CH=THF, 5,10‐methenyltetrahydrofolate; 10‐CHO—THF, 10‐formyltetrahydrofolate; Acdh, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase; Acetyl‐P, acetyl‐phosphate; Acps, acetyl‐phosphate synthase; Acs, acetyl‐CoA synthase; Agt, alanine‐glyoxylate transaminase; Dhak, dihydroxyacetone kinase; FA, formic acid; FALD, formaldehyde; DHA, dihydroxyacetone; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone‐phosphate; Fch, 5,10‐CH=THF cyclohydrolase; Fls, formolase; Ftl, formate‐tetrahydrofolate ligase; GALD, glycolaldehyde; Gals, glycolaldehyde synthase; GcvTHP, gcv complex; Gldh, glutamate dehydrogenase; GlyA, serine hydroxymethyltransferase; Gpt, glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase; Hal, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐oxobutanoate aldolase; Hat, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐oxobutanoate aminotransferase; Hsk, homoserine kinase; Lpd, lipoamide dehydrogenase; Lta, threonine aldolase; Mcl, malyl‐CoA lyase; Mdh, malate dehydrogenase; MeOH, methanol; Mtd, 5,10‐CH₂—THF dehydrogenase; Mtk, malate thiokinase; OAA, oxaloacetate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; Pfl, pyruvate formate lyase; Ppc, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Pps, phosphoenolpyruvate synthase; Pta, phosphate acetyltransferase; Sal, serine aldolase; Sda, serine deaminase; THF, tetrahydrofolate; Ts, threonine synthase.