Figure 4.

Metabolic pathways for the production of chemicals from FA and CO₂. The metabolic pathways for the production of four chemicals (LA, L‐alanine, L‐serine, and SA), which can be produced from FA and CO₂, using the formatotrophic E. coli strain employing the rTHF‐rgcv pathway are shown. The yellow circles represent the chemicals that can be produced from FA and CO₂. The values provided in the yellow circle represent the maximum theoretical yield (mol mol FA⁻¹) of the target chemical in the formatotrophic E. coli strain employing the rTHF‐rgcv pathway calculated by GEM simulation. Abbreviations are: SA, succinic acid; LA, lactate; 5‐10‐CH=THF, 5,10‐methenyl THF; 5,10‐CH₂—THF, 5,10‐methlylene THF; 10‐CHO—THF, 10‐formyl THF; aceA, isocitrate lyase; aceB, malate synthase; Acetyl‐P, acetyl phosphate; ack, acetate kinase; acn, aconitate hydratase; AKG, α‐ketoglutarate; ald, alanine dehydrogenase; alr, alanine racemase I; dadA, D‐amino acid dehydrogenase; dadX, alanine racemase II; FA, formic acid; fch, 5,10‐CH=THF cyclohydrolase; fdh, formate dehydrogenase; frd, fumarate reductase; ftl, formate‐tetrahydrofolate ligase; fum, fumarase; gcvTHP, gcv complex; gltA, citrate synthase; glyA, serine hydroxymethyltransferase; icd, isocitrate dehydrogenase; ldhA, lactate dehydrogenase; lpd, lipoamide dehydrogenase; mdh, malate dehydrogenase; mtd, 5,10‐CH₂—THF dehydrogenase; OAA oxaloacetate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; pfl, pyruvate formate lyase; poxB, pyruvate dehydrogenase; ppc, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; pps, phosphoenolpyruvate synthase; pta, phosphate acetyltransferase; ptsG, PTS system glucose‐specific EIICB component; sda, serine deaminase; sdh, succinate dehydrogenase; sucAB, α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase; sucCD, succinyl‐CoA synthetase; THF, tetrahydrofolate.