Table 1.

Examples of MNs as nanocarriers for cargo delivery and controlled cargo release for bone disease treatment

MNs‐based cargo delivery systems	Template	Precursor	Pore size [nm]	Surface area [m2 g−1]	Cargo loaded	Loading capacity [µg mg−1]	Release rate/days	Cell line in vitro	Refs.
MSNs‐pep	CTAB	TEOS	/	/	BMP‐2/DEX	1.7	61.3%/27	BMSCs	[ 45a ]
MSNsPPR/pDNA	CTAB	TEOS	2.7	621.6	BMP‐2 pDNA/DEX	20:1	75.0%/20	BMSCs	[ 49 ]
MSN Rods	P123	TEOS	7.3, 20	496	BMP‐2	279	70%/3	RAW264.7, BMSCs	[ 51 ]
TGF‐β@Cu‐mHAPs	/	CaCl2, Creatine phosphate	14.1	88.5	DOX, miR‐10a IL‐2/TGF‐β	113.8	74.64%/0.5	BMSCs	[ 52 ]
Sr‐mCaPs	/	FBP, CaCl2, SrCl2·6H2O	17.2	110.1	Vancomycin	30.3 ± 0.6	83.5 ± 2.0%/ 2.5	rBMSCs	[ 10 ]
MSNs	CTAB	TEOS	2.2	163.3	DMOG		≈91%/14	hBMSCs	[ 58 ]
5% Cu‐MSNs	CTAB	TEOS	2.3	218.4	/	/	77% Si, 80% Cu/21	RAW 264.7	[ 54 ]
MSN‐CC‐PEI	CTAC	TEOS	15	189.8	HAS2	420	69%/0.5	OA synoviocytes	[ 71 ]
MSNs‐NH2@PSPMK	CTAB	TEOS	/	299.1	DS	17.4	59.8%/3	Chondrocytes	[ 74 ]
MSNs‐NH2@PMPC	CTAB	TEOS	5.0	50	DS	39	40.6%/3	Chondrocytes	[ 77 ]
MSN@CaP‐HA	CTAB	TEOS	2.9	1320	DOX	30.7	82%/1	MDA‐MB‐231, NIH3T3 cells	[ 82 ]
Chitosan@MSNs	CTAB	TEOS	2.3	547.9	DEX/BMP‐2	35/0.248	92%/87%/1	BMSCs	[ 84 ]
MSNs‐ISL	CTAB	TEOS	4.2	807.2	ISL	157.6	42.02% ± 1.63%/2.5	BMMs	[ 89 ]
CPPA	/	CaCl2, ADP/AMP	≈4.1	55.2	DOX	127	42.3%/5	hBMSCs	[ 91 ]
SIP@C1Sph	CTAB, F127	TEOS, Sucrose	3.2	1650	Ru dye	571	20%/2	HOS	[ 96 ]
ConA‐grafted MSNATU	CTAB	TEOS	2.4 ± 0.1	1210 ± 35	DOX	117	71%/1	MC3T3‐E1, HOS	[ 97 ]
Ce6@ZA/MSN	CTAB	TEOS	/	/	DOX‐TK‐DOXY	123, 51	76.89%, 78.34%/6	OS‐732	[ 103 ]
UCNPs@SiO2@mSiO2/Ca	C18TMS	TEOS	3.8	485	ZnPc	500	26.5%/7	BMSCs	[ 108 ]
RGD–Bi2S3@MSN	CTAC	TEOS	6	273.89	DOX+NIR	499.3	30%/10 min	UMR‐106	[ 115 ]
Fe(VI)@HMON‐PpIX	CTAC	TEOS	/	227.9	LA	191	/	Saos‐2	[ 121 ]
MHA‐PNIPAAM	CTAB	CaCl2, K2HPO4	4	/	SIM	7.7	≈70%/16	BMSCs	[ 31a ]
pep@MSNs‐RA	P123	TEOS	4.95	292.41	BFP‐1 peptide	4.84 × 10–3	≈90%/35	hMSCs	[ 123 ]
Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2@ crown ethers	CTAB	TEOS	3.2	405 ± 1	DOX	470	22%/80 min	L929 cell	[ 124 ]
BGN@mPDA	/	SiO2, CaO, P2O5, Dodecylamine	/	/	DOX	590	≈10%/45	MC3T3‐E1	[ 126 ]
MSN‐ALN‐Gd	CTATos	TEOS	/	11.5145	DEX	500	≈62%/ 22	BMSCs, HUVEC, MC3T3‐E1	[ 131 ]
Au@MSNs	CTAB	TEOS	2.4	176.06	ZOL	115.8	≈64%/1	MDA‐MB231 cells	[ 134 ]
Gd‐UCNP@MS‐ZA‐PAA	CTAC	TEOS	/	/	PL	226.3	86.17 ± 2.17%/4	BMMs, 4T1, / RAW264	[ 137 ]
MSNs@PEI	CTAB	TEOS	1.35	427	SiGLO, Osteostatin	31.25	≈98%/2	MEFs	[ 144 ]