Fucoxanthin induces cell apoptosis via the caspase-dependent pathway. (a) Flow cytometry analysis showing apoptosis in CMT-U27 cells treated with fucoxanthin (0, 5, 10, and 20 μM) for 24 h. (b) Western blot images showing protein expression of caspase 8, cleaved-caspase 8, PARP, and cleaved-PARP in CMT-U27 cells after fucoxanthin treatment (0, 5, 10, and 20 μM) for 24 h. (c) Relative density of PARP, cleaved-PARP, caspase 8, and cleaved-caspase 8 normalized by β-actin. Fx., Fucoxanthin. Values are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.