Table 1.
Published DEER studies.
| GPCR a | Transducer | Distances b | System c | Label d | Ref. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rho | TM1-H8 | DDM pH6 |
MTSL | [28] | First study to directly detect conformational changes of GPCR activation | |
| Gi | TM2-TM5 TM2-TM6 TM2-TM7 |
Nanodiscs DDM var pH |
MTSL | [29] | Effect of lipidic environment on GPCR conformational equilibria | |
| Gi | intermolecular | DDM | MTSL | [30] | Architecture of rhodopsin–Gi complex | |
| arrestin-1 | intermolecular | Nanodiscs | MTSL | [31] | Crystal structure of the rhodopsin–arrestin-1 complex | |
| TM3-H8 | Nanodiscs membranes | MTSL | [32] | Rhodopsin dimer in nanodiscs | ||
| Gi | TM2- TM5/TM6/TM7 |
DDM | MTSL | [33] | EM structure of rhodopsin–Gi complex | |
| TM3, H8 (native) | Native membranes | MTSL | [34] | Characterization of native rhodopsin oligomers | ||
| β2AR | Nb80 | TM4-TM6 | DDM/CHS | IAP | [35] | Characterization of ligand-induced equilibrium shifts and loose allosteric coupling |
| Nb80 | TM4-TM6 | DDM/CHS | IAP | [3] | Pressure resolved DEER identifies small amounts of active receptor responsible for basal activity | |
| NTS1 | TM1–7, H8 | liposomes | MTSL | [36] | Dimer mapping, DEER stitch [37] | |
| AT1R | Nb | TM1-ICL2 TM1-TM6/7/H8 ICL2-TM5/6/7/H8 TM5-H8 TM6-H8 |
MNG/CHS | IDSL | [38] | Conformational signatures of GPCR-biased signaling |
| AT1R | EC-Nb | TM1-TM6 ICL2-TM5/H8 |
MNG/CHS | IDSL | [39] | Using nanobodies as highly specific GPCR ligands |
| Y2R | TM3-TM7 | bicelles | MTSL/IDSL | [40] | Conformational changes in refolded GPCR | |
| GCGR | TM4-TM5 TM4-TM6 |
MNG/CHS | IDSL | [41] | Differences in the activation mechanisms of class A and class B GPCRs |
a GPCR abbreviations: Rho, rhodopsin; β2AR, β2-adrenergic receptor; NTS1, neurotensin 1 receptor; AT1R, type 1 angiotensin II receptor; Y2R, neuropeptide Y receptor; GCGR, Glucagon receptor. b The segments between which interspin disances were measured. c DDM, dodecyl maloside; CHS, cholesteryl hemisuccinate; MNG, lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol. d MTSL, methanethiosulfonate spin label; IAP, iodoacetamido proxyl spin label; IDSL, imidazoline spin label (structures given in Figure 5).