Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19.
| Variable | All Patients, n = 82 |
Non-ICU COVID-19 Patients, n = 51 |
ICU COVID-19 Patients, n = 31 |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62 ± 16 | 62 ± 16 | 63 ± 15 | 0.848 |
| Male, n (%) | 43 (52%) | 23 (45%) | 20 (65%) | 0.25 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 47 (57%) | 26 (51%) | 21 (68%) | 0.14 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 19 (23%) | 8 (16%) | 11 (35%) | 0.039 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 11 (13%) | 7 (14%) | 4 (13%) | 0.91 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 12 (15%) | 8 (16%) | 4 (13%) | 0.73 |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 3 (4%) | 3 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.29 |
| Stroke/TIA, n (%) | 5 (6%) | 3 (6%) | 2 (6%) | 1 |
| Concomitant medications | ||||
| ACE-I/ARB, n (%) | 20 (24%) | 11 (22%) | 9 (29%) | 0.18 |
| Beta blockers, n (%) | 26 (32%) | 18 (35%) | 8 (26%) | 0.78 |
| Calcium blockers, n (%) | 15 (18%) | 11 (22%) | 4 (13%) | 0.57 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 18 (22%) | 15 (29%) | 3 (10%) | 0.09 |
| White blood cells (×103/µL)] | 8.2 (5.3–12.7) | 6.0 (4.2–8.4) | 13.8 (9.7–17.0) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocytes (×103/µL) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.7) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophiles (×103/µL) | 5.6 (3.3–10.8) | 3.7 (2.7–5.5) | 11.6 (9.1–15.7) | <0.001 |
| Basophiles (×103/µL) | 0.02 (0.01–0.1) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.1 (0.04–0.2) | <0.001 |
| Eosinophiles (×103/µL) | 0.03 (0–0.1) | 0.02 (0–0.07) | 0.1 (0–0.36) | 0.045 |
| Monocytes (×103/µL) | 0.6 (0.5–1.25) | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | 1.9 (0.5–4.6) | 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.9 (11.4–14.2) | 13.7 (12.4–14.6) | 11.2 (10.7–12.8) | <0.001 |
| Platelets (×103/µL) | 228 (171–308) | 220 (154–288) | 238 (188–369) | 0.11 |
| Inflammatory markers | ||||
| CRP (mg/L) | 46.0 (16.6–118) | 28.6 (7.2–77.1) | 107.5 (28–194) | <0.001 |
| IL-6, pg/mL (normal ranges: 0.5–3.9) | 63 (17–127) | 26 (8–91) | 84 (38–209) | 0.001 |
| COVID-19 severity | - | - | ||
| Moderate, n (%) | 33 (65%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Severe, n (%) | 18 (35%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Critical, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 31 (100%) | ||
| Severity of disease in ICU patients (points) | - | - | - | |
| APACHE II | 15 (12–22) | |||
| SOFA | 9 (5–10) | |||
| Time of SARS-CoV-2 infection | 12 (9–19) | 11 (9–16) | 17 (9–20) | 0.16 |
| Clinical outcome, death, n (%) | 28 (34%) | 4 (8%) | 24 (77%) | <0.001 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Oxygen therapy, n (%) | 20 (24%) | 20 (39.2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| High-Flow Nasal Oxygen, n (%) | 7 (9%) | 7 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 31 (38%) | 0 (0%) | 31 (100%) | 1 |
| Remdesivir, n (%) | 20 (24%) | 11 (22%) | 9 (29%) | 0.445 |
| Convalescent plasma, n (%) | 30 (37%) | 15 (29%) | 15 (48%) | 0.096 |
| Tocilizumab, n (%) | 4 (5%) | 3 (6%) | 1 (3%) | 1 |
| Steroids, n (%) | 32 (39%) | 3 (6%) | 29 (94%) | <0.001 |
| Azytromycin, n (%) | 36 (44%) | 35 (69%) | 1 (3%) | <0.001 |