Table 2.
Small molecules from selected edible insects.
| Insect | Origin, Producer Organism | Compounds | Biological Activity | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black Soldier Fly | Chrysosporium multifidum | Pyrone derivatives (1–6), Diketopiperazine (7) |
Antibacterial | [10] |
| Termites | Pleosporales sp. BYCDW4 | 5-Hydroxyramulosin (8), biatriosporin M (9) |
Antifungal - |
[65] |
| Microdiplodia sp. BYCDW8 | 1-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxybutan-1-one (10) | Antibacterial | [65] | |
| Streptomyces davaonensis YH01 | Roseoflavin (11), 8-methylamino-8-demethyl-d-riboflavin (12) |
Antibacterial | [66] | |
| Streptomyces sp. M56 | Natalamycin (13), Efomycins K (40), and L (41), Efomycin M (42), Efomycin G (43), Elaiophylin (44), 11-O-methylelaiophylin (45), 11,11′-O-dimethylelaiophylin (46) |
Antifungal Antifungal Selectin inhibitor |
[67,74,75,76,77,78,79,80] | |
| Streptomyces sp. RB1 | Termisoflavones A–C (14–16), Isoflavanoids (17–24) |
Cisplatin-induced cytotoxity | [68] | |
| Streptomyces sp. M41 | Dentigerumycins B–D (25–27) | - | [69] | |
| Streptomyces sp. RB94 | Actinomycin D (28) | Actibacterial, antitumor | [70,81,82] | |
| Amycolatopsis sp. M39 | Macrotermycin A–D (29–32) | Antibacterial, antifungal |
[71] | |
| Actinomadura sp. RB29/5-2 | Rubterolone A–F (33–38) | anti-inflammatory activity | [70,72,83] | |
| Co-culture: Streptomyces sp. RB108 with Pleosporales sp. | Barceloneic acid A (39) | Farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitor | [70,73] | |
| Streptomyces sp. MspM5 | Microtermolide A–B (47–48) | - | [84] | |
| Pseudoxylaria sp. X802 | Pseudoxyallemycin B (49) | Antibacterial | [85] | |
| Actinomadura sp. RB99 | Natalenamides A–C (50–52) | Cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory activity | [86] | |
| Co-culture: Actinomadura sp. RB29 and Trichoderma | Banegasine (53), Cyclo(NMe-l-3,5-dichlorotyrosine-Dhb (54) |
Antifungal | [70] | |
| Actinomadura sp. RB29 | Rubrominin A–B (55–56) | - | [70] | |
| Beetles | Pine beetles, Streptomyces sp. | Mycangimycin (57), Frontalamide A (58), and Frontalamide B (59) | Antimalarial | [87,88] |
| Ambrosia beetle, Fusarium sp. | Cerulenin (60), Helvolic acid (61) |
Antifungal | [89] | |
| Rove beetle, Pseudomonas sp. [49,50,51,52] | Pederin (62) | Anticancer | [90] | |
| Dung beetle | Tripartilactam (63) | Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor | [91,92,93,94,95] | |
| Actinobacteria | ||||
| Coprismycin A–B (64–65) | Neuroprotective effects | |||
| Collismycin A (66) | ||||
| SF2738D (67) | ||||
| Tripartin (68) | Histone H3 lysine 9 demethylase KDM4 inhibitor | |||
| Streptomyces sp. | Coprisamides A–B (69–70) | Quinone reductase inducer | ||
| Coprisidin A (71) | Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor | |||
| Coprisidin B (72) | NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 inducer | |||
| Dung beetle, Brevibacillus sp. PTH23 | Lenzimycins A–B (73–74) | Antibacterial | [96] | |
| Catharsius molossus | Molossusamides A–C (75–77) | - | [97] | |
| Caterpillars |
Helicoverpa armigera, Mythimna separata, Spodoptera litura, and Agrius convolvuli |
Volicitin (80) | - | [98] |
| N-(17-hydroxy-linoleoyl)-l-glutamine (81), | ||||
| N-linolenoyl-l-glutamine (82), | ||||
| N-linoleoyl-l-glutamine (83), | ||||
| linolenic acid (85), and 17-Hydroxylinolenic acid (86) | ||||
| Crickets | Infected with Photorhabdus asymbiotica | Glidobactin A (87) | - | [99] |
| Luminmycin A (88) | - | |||
| Luminmycin D (89) | Cytotoxic, Proteasome inhibitor |