Table 1.
Definitions of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children.
| IDF | ATP | WHO | Weiss et al. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (years) | <10 | 10–16 | >16 | - | - | - |
| Criteria | Abdominal obesity + two or more of the four criteria | Any three of the five criteria | GI * + two or more of the other components | Any three of the five criteria | ||
| Abdominal obesity |
≥90th percentile WC | WC: ≥94 cm for Europid men, ≥80 cm for Europid women, with ethnicity specific values for other groups |
≥90th WC percentile |
WHR >0.9 in males, >0.85 in females or/and BMI>30 kg/m2 |
BMI z-score ≥2 | |
| Triglycerides | ** | ≥1.7 mmol/L (≥150 mg/dL) |
≥95th percentile | |||
| HDL- cholesterol |
** | <1.03 mmol/L (<40 mg/dL) |
<1.03 mmol/L (<40 mg/dL) in men <1.29 mmol/L (<50 mg/dL) in women or treatment for lipid abnormalities |
<0.91 mmol/L (<35 mg/dL) in men <1.01 mmol/L (<39 mg/dL) in women |
≤5th percentile | |
| Blood pressure | ** | Systolic ≥ 130 / diastolic ≥ 85 mmHg or treatment hypertension |
≥90th percentile (age-, sex- and race-specific) |
Systolic ≥140 Diastolic ≥90 mmHg |
≥95th percentile | |
| Fasting glucose levels |
** | ≥5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) or known diabetes mellitus |
≥6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL), which has been changes to ≥ 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) * |
GI (ADA criteria) |
||
| Microalbuminuria | - | Urinary albumin excretion rate ≥20 µg/min or albumin/creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g | - | |||
Abbreviations: American Diabetes Association (ADA), body mass index (BMI), glucose intolerance (GI), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP), World Health Organization (WHO), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR); * Or impaired glucose regulation or diabetes mellitus and/or insulin resistance; ** MetS cannot be diagnosed unless there are disturbances in these parameters in the family history.