Figure 6.

Bacteroides intestinalis culture supernatant modulated cytokine expression in HIEC-6 cells. Culture supernatant from Bacteroides intestinalis grown in wheat bran and de-starched wheat bran increased the expression of cytokines as demonstrated by RT-PCR and immunoassays. Ferulic acid in three different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 μM) was used as a positive control. N = 3 in each treatment group. Data are the mean ± S.D. Results from one representative experiment of two independent experiments are shown. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance with Dunn’s test and the Mann–Whitney U test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.