Table 4.
Effects of marine organism-derived PDRN through clinical studies.
| PublicationYear | Source | Patient | Outcomes | Target | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | O. mykiss | Patients with PHL (n = 8, Both) |
↑ Number and thickness of hair ↓ Possibility of side effects |
Etc | [69] |
| 2016 | O. mykiss | Patients with genital LS (n = 21, Male) |
↑ Quality of life conditions of the patients No adverse reactions to the drug and no pain |
Inflammatory disease | [48] |
| 2016 | O. mykiss | Patient with leg numbness (n = 1, Female) |
↓ Allodynia and hyperalgesia ↓ Skin flushing Treatment of the acute inflammatory phase of CRPS type II |
Etc | [66] |
| 2016 | O. mykiss | Patient with ankle pain (n = 1, Female) |
↓ NRS score and pain No swelling and tenderness No complications |
Etc | [70] |
| 2017 | O. keta | Patient with male PHL (n = 1, Male) |
↑ Satisfaction of patient ↑ Hair counts, thickness, and graying |
Etc | [68] |
| 2017 | O. mykiss | Patients with RCD (n = 106, Both) |
↓ SPADI and VAS | Inflammatory disease | [49] |
| 2017 | O. mykiss | Patient with PA bursitis (n = 1, Female) |
↓ NRS and pain No side effects |
Inflammatory disease | [51] |
| 2017 | O. keta | Patient with neck and shoulder pain (n = 1, Female) |
↑ Motor power of the left shoulder elevation and elbow flexion ↓ Pain of neck and left shoulder ↑ CMAP of the left musculocutaneous, axillary, and suprascapular nerve ↑ Expression of COL I and III, FGF, and VEGF Showed dense COL fibers with organized patterned arrangement |
Wound healing | [72] |
| 2017 | O. keta | Patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain (n = 20, Both) |
↓ Passive ROM and NRS | Etc | [64] |
| 2017 | O. keta | Patients with diabetic foot ulcer (n = 20, Both) |
↓ Transcutaneous oxygen tension ↓ Inflammation and neutrophil pigmentation ↑ Granulation tissue formation |
Etc | [55] |
| 2017 | O. mykiss | Patient with partial ear amputation (n = 1, Male) |
↑ Survival of the composite ear graft Almost completely healed after 53 days |
Wound healing | [75] |
| 2018 | O. keta | Patients with contracted nose (n = 30, Both) |
↑ Mobility of nasal skin Softened the skin of contracted noses |
Etc | [56] |
| 2018 | O. mykiss | Patients with chronic RCD (n = 32, Both) |
↓ VAS score, pain, and SPADI ↑ Function and SANE No complications |
Inflammatory disease | [50] |
| 2018 | O. mykiss | Patients with tendon tear (n = 17, Both) |
↓ VAS at active shoulder ↓ DASH subscore and Global DASH ↑ ROM in forward flexion ↓ Tear volume of supraspinatus tendon No adverse events except one patient |
Etc | [71] |
| 2018 | O. keta | Patients with lateral epicondylitis (n = 2, Male) |
↓ Pain with decreased NRS ↓ Hypervascularity of common extensor tendon Improvement in the LE symptoms without any complications |
Inflammatory disease | [52] |
| 2018 | O. keta | Patient with burn wound (n = 1, Male) |
Improved adequately to wear the prosthesis after 4 weeks | Wound healing | [73] |
| 2018 | O. keta | Patients undergoing Thyroidectomy (n = 42, Both) |
↓ VSS, EI, and height and width of scar ↓ Pigmentation and vascularity No adverse events |
Etc | [57] |
| 2018 | A. sinensis | Patients with oral mucositis (n = 3, Both) |
↓ Erythema, desquamation, and pain No allergic reactions |
Inflammatory disease | [15] |
| 2018 | O. keta | Patient with CTS (n = 1, Female) |
↑ NRS, BCTQ-severity and function scores No side effects |
Etc | [61] |
| 2018 | O. keta | Patient with leg pain (n = 1, Male) |
Pain relief | Etc | [65] |
| 2018 | O. keta | Patients with MRONJ (n = 5, Both) |
Relief of pain and no sign of infection Observed soft tissue coverage of the operation area |
Etc | [54] |
| 2019 | O. mykiss | Patients with knee joint pain (n = 29, Both) |
↓ VAS, KSS, and WOMAC except stiffness No TEAEs, ADRs, and any other complications |
Etc | [58] |
| 2019 | O. keta | Patient with limb pain (n = 1, Female) |
↓ Left arm pain ↑ Motor strength |
Etc | [60] |
| 2019 | O. keta | Patients with CTS (n = 30, Both) |
↓ NRS, the severity score of BCTQ, and CSA | Etc | [62] |
| 2020 | O. mykiss | Patients with Knee OA (n = 98, Both) |
↑ KSS | Etc | [59] |
| 2020 | O. keta | Patients with heel pain (n = 38, Both) |
↓ VAS and MOXFQ scores No complications |
Inflammatory disease | [53] |
| 2020 | O. mykiss | Patient with disabling scared (n = 1, Female) |
↓ Pain and prediabetes Aesthetic and functional improvement Restored cutaneous texture Able to walk autonomously No TEAEs |
Wound healing | [74] |
↓: Decrease, ↑: Increase.