Table 2.
Association of Tobacco Product Use and Past Smoking With Wheezing Among Adults in the United States—The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Wave 3
| Use of tobacco products | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent wheezing symptom variables | Never smoker (ref) | Former smoker | Cigarette users | ENDS users who never smoked | ENDS users who were former smokers | Cigar users who never smoked | Cigar users who were former smokers | Polytobacco users who never smoked | Polytobacco users who were former smokers | ||||||||
| N (%) | N (%) | aOR(95% CI)a | N (%) | aOR(95% CI)a | N (%) | aOR(95% CI)a | N (%) | aOR(95% CI)a | N (%) | aOR(95% CI)a | N (%) | aOR (95% CI)a | N (%) | aOR (95% CI)a | N (%) | aOR (95% CI)a | |
| Ever had wheezing or whistling in chest at any time in the past | |||||||||||||||||
| No | 8905 (82.0) | 3075(68.9) | Ref | 4099(55.5) | Ref | 199(81.9) | Ref | 297(65.4) | Ref | 222(83.1) | Ref | 177(80.3) | Ref | 27(73.9) | Ref | 871(55.0) | Ref |
| Yes | 1928 (18.0) | 1426(31.1) | 1.70(1.49, 1.95) | 3333(44.5) | 3.11(2.74, 3.53) | 38(18.1) | 0.73(0.34, 1.54) | 162(34.6) | 1.99(1.47, 2.69) | 44(16.9) | 0.90(0.51, 1.58) | 57(19.7) | 0.98(0.63, 1.52) | 14(26.1) | 1.37(0.19, 9.83) | 703(45.0) | 3.15(2.62, 3.79) |
| In the past 12 mo, had wheezing or whistling in chest | |||||||||||||||||
| No | 9774 (90.0) | 3676(82.1) | Ref | 4778(64.8) | Ref | 214(87.6) | Ref | 366(80.6) | Ref | 241(91.5) | Ref | 192(85.4) | Ref | 31(84.0) | Ref | 1036(65.5) | Ref |
| Yes | 1052 (10.0) | 821(17.9) | 1.58(1.33, 1.87) | 2649(35.2) | 4.55(3.85, 5.39) | 23(12.5) | 0.74(0.28, 1.96) | 93 (19.4) | 1.94(1.29, 2.90) | 25(8.5) | 0.80(0.38, 1.69) | 42(14.6) | 1.49(0.87, 2.56) | 10(16.0) | 3.37(0.49, 23.43) | 537(34.5) | 4.24(3.37, 5.33) |
| In past 12 mo, chest has sounded wheezy during or after exercise | |||||||||||||||||
| No | 9774 (90.0) | 3676(82.1) | Ref | 4778(64.8) | Ref | 214(87.6) | Ref | 366(80.6) | Ref | 241(91.5) | Ref | 192(85.4) | Ref | 31(84.0) | Ref | 1036(65.5) | Ref |
| Yes | 1052 (10.0) | 821(17.9) | 1.48(1.22, 1.80) | 2649(35.2) | 3.12(2.55, 3.81) | 23(12.5) | 0.55(0.23, 1.31) | 93 (19.4) | 1.40(0.93, 2.09) | 25(8.5) | 1.02(0.56, 1.86) | 42(14.6) | 1.06(0.55, 2.04) | 10(16.0) | 1.70(0.23, 12.42) | 537(34.5) | 3.42(2.72, 4.29) |
Results for ever wheezing, past 12-mo wheezing, and past 12-mo wheezing during or after exercise are from multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals are reported. Bolded point estimates indicates statistical significance at p < .05. Other models were suppressed due to low statistical power. aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; ENDS = electronic nicotine delivery system; ref = referent category.
aModels are adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, insurance, asthma, and secondhand smoke exposure (lived with smoker during childhood, currently live with a smoker, rules about smoking combustible product inside home, and rules about using ENDS inside home).