Table 1. Study demographics.
| Study | Sample Size | Study Design | Patient Population | ICU At Study Enrollment? | Mean/Median Age | % Male | Definition of Statin Use | % Statin Users | Outcomes | % Died | Adjusted Covariates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cariou et al. [8] | 2449 | Retrospective Cohort | Hospitalized Type 2 Diabetes, COVID-19 Patients | No | Mean: 70.9 ± 12.5 | 64.0 | Statin Use Before COVID-19 Hospitalization | 9.8 | Mortality, Mechanical Ventilation | 21.0 | Covariates with relevance to clinical practice and/or statistical relevance (p<0.10), among covariates including age, sex, diabetes duration, comorbidities |
| Daniels et al. [13] | 170 | Retrospective Cohort | Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients | No | Mean: 59 ± 19 | 58.0 | Statin Use Before COVID-19 Hospitalization | 48.7 | Mortality | 52.9 | Age, sex, comorbidities, ACEi, ARB |
| De Spiegeleer et al. [9] | 154 | Retrospective Cohort | Nursing Home COVID-19 Patients | No | Mean: 85.9 ± 7.2 | 33.0 | Statin Use Before COVID-19 Hospitalization | 20.1 | Mortality | NR | Age, sex, functional status, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, diagnosis method |
| Grasselli et al. [14] | 3988 | Retrospective Cohort | Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients | Yes | Median: 63 (IQR 55–69) | 79.9 | Statin Use Before COVID-19 Hospitalization | 17.7 | Mortality | 48.3 | Age, sex, respiratory support, comorbidities, ACEi, ARB blocker, diuretic |
| Gupta et al. [15] | 2926 | Retrospective Cohort | Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients | No | NR | 57.0 | Statin Use Before COVID-19 Hospitalization | 36.2 | Mortality | 10.2 | Age, sex, body mass index, race and ethnicity, insurance, geography, comorbidities, ACEi, ARB, oral coagulants |
| Israel et al. [16] | Counted as two distinct cohorts. | Two distinct case matched retrospective cohorts | Cohort 1: Hospitalized Cases and General Population Based Controls | No | NR | 49.2 | Statin Use Before COVID-19 Hospitalization | 4.7 | Mortality | NR | Age, sex, BMI, socioeconomic status, smoking status, comorbidities |
| Cohort 1: 37212 | |||||||||||
| Cohort 2:20757 | Cohort 2: Hospitalized Cases and Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 patients | ||||||||||
| Mallow et al. [17] | 21696 | Retrospective Cohort | Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients | No | Mean: 64.9 ± 17.2 | 52.8 | Statin Use After COVID-19 | 24.5 | Mortality | 22.8 | Age, sex, insurance, comorbidities, hospital characteristics |
| Masana et al. [18] | 2157 | Retrospective Cohort | Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients | No | Median: 67 (IQR 54–78) | 57.2 | Statin Use Before/After COVID-19 Hospitalization | 26.9 | Mortality | 16.4 | Age, sex, smoking status, comorbidities |
| Rodriguez-Nava et al. [20] | 87 | Retrospective Cohort | Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients | Yes | Median: 68 (IQR 58–75) | 64.4 | Statin Use After COVID-19 Hospitalization | NR | Mortality | 55.2 | Age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, invasive mechanical ventilation, comorbidities |
| Saeed et al. [21] | 4252 | Retrospective Cohort | Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients | No | Mean: 65 ± 16 | 53.0 | Statin Use After COVID-19 Hospitalization | 46.7 | Mortality | 25.7 | Age, sex, history of atherosclerotic heart disease, blood pressure, respiratory rate, pulse oximetry, serum glucose, serum lactic acid, serum creatinine, intravenous antibiotic use |
| Song et al. [10] | 249 | Retrospective Cohort | Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients | No | Median: 62 (IQR 51–75) | 57.0 | Statin Use After COVID-19 Hospitalization | 49.4 | Mortality, ICU Admissions | 16.9 | Age, sex, race, cardiovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes, obesity |
| Yan et al. [22] | 49277 | Retrospecitve Case Cohort with Population-Based Controls | COVID-19 Patients and Population-Based Controls | No | NR | 48.3 | Statin Use Before COVID-19 Hospitalization | NR | ICU Admissions | NR | Age, sex, body mass index |
| Zhang et al. [7] | 13981 | Retrospective Cohort | Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients | No | NR | 48.9 | Statin Use After COVID-19 Hospitalization | 8.7 | Mortality | 8.6 | Age, sex, heart rate, respiratory rate, BMI, blood pressure, comorbidities |
ACEi—angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.
ARB—angiotensin II receptor blocker.
NR—not reported.