Table 4. SMD between medication and placebo for the most used assessment instrument according to standardized diagnosis of participants.
| DSM-5 diagnosis and instrument | o/k (n) | Estimated SMD (95% CI) | SE | p-Value | τ2 | Number of excluded outcomes (%) | Number of excluded studies (%) | Number of excluded participants (%) | Heterogeneity I2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aggregate | 128/93 (23,330) | −0.56 (−0.63 to −0.49) | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.045 | 341 (72.71) | 42 (31.11) | 6,915 (22.86) | 40.00 |
| GAD—HAM-A | 42/32 (9,962) | −0.61 (−0.72 to −0.50) | 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.035 | 50 (54.35) | 3 (8.57) | 602 (5.70) | 61.51 |
| Social anxiety disorder—LSAS | 28/22 (5,433) | −0.64 (−0.75 to −0.53) | 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.023 | 47 (62.67) | 6 (21.43) | 1,021 (15.82) | 30.09 |
| Panic disorder—PAAS panic attacks/week | 15/9 (2,265) | −0.13 (−0.24 to −0.02) | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 119 (88.81) | 16 (64.0) | 3,730 (62.22) | 0.00 |
| PTSD—CAPS | 18/15 (2,570) | −0.51 (−0.71 to −0.31) | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.044 | 51 (73.91) | 5 (25.0) | 337 (11.59) | 29.46 |
| OCD—YBOCS | 25/15 (3,100) | −0.63 (−0.82 to −0.45) | 0.09 | <0.001 | 0.062 | 66 (72.53) | 7 (31.82) | 749 (19.46) | 39.30 |
CAPS, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; k, number of studies; LSAS, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; n, sample size; o, number of outcomes; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; PAAS, Panic and Anticipatory Anxiety Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SE, standard error; SMD, standardized mean difference; YBOCS, Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.