Table 2. Adolescent and adult musical engagement and memory decline.

Outcome: Episodic Memory	MODEL 1: HSME*TIME			MODEL 2: MEA*TIME			MODEL 3: Music*TIME
Effect	Estimate	STE	p—Value	Estimate	STE	p—Value	Estimate	STE	p—Value
Intercept	9.950	0.058	< .0001	10.118	0.060	< .0001	9.924	0.069	<0.001
Time	-1.240	0.070	< .0001	-1.273	0.072	< .0001	-1.183	0.084	<0.001
HSME (None)	Reference						Reference
HSME (Moderate)	0.583	0.102	< .0001				0.498	0.113	<0.001
HSME (High)	1.112	0.164	< .0001				0.958	0.183	<0.001
HSME (Moderate * Time)	-0.203	0.123	0.100				-0.235	0.138	0.088
HSME (High *Time)	-0.358	0.196	0.068				-0.414	0.219	0.058
MEA (None)				Reference			Reference
MEA (Intermittently)				0.682	0.134	< .0001	0.551	0.135	<0.001
MEA (Continuously)				1.139	0.171	< .0001	0.921	0.175	<0.001
MEA * Time (Intermittently)				-0.167	0.161	0.299	-0.109	0.163	0.502
MEA * Time (Continuous)				-0.249	0.206	0.225	-0.153	0.210	0.468
Covariance Parameters	Estimate	STE	p	Estimate	STE	p	Estimate	STE	p
Between Subjects	0.008	0.182	< .0001	3.808	0.195	< .0001	3.749	0.194	<0.001
Residual	6.927	0.155	< .0001	6.818	0.168	< .0001	6.815	0.168	<0.001

Results from 3 simple linear mixed models are presented, including HSME * Time (Model 1), MEA * Time (Model 2), and all music variables by time (Model 3).

STE = Standard error; HSME = High School Music Engagement; MEA = Music Engagement as an Adult. Bolded model parameters indicate significance.