Table 1:

Characteristics of the protection-risk framework

Conventional behaviour involvement: Protective factors	Description
Models	Factors which include peer models who promote and encourage prosocial behaviour
Controls	Include individual-level or social- environment level factors promoting social values
Support	Refers to contextual support or other social environments that promote prosocial or health enhancing behaviour
Problem behaviour involvement: Risk Factors
Models	Include models who induce health-compromising behaviour
Opportunity	Refers to exposure to or access to situations that increase the likelihood of engaging in risk behaviours
Vulnerability	Refers to individual characteristics that increase the likelihood of engaging in risk behaviour

Source: Jessor, R. et.al, (2003). Adolescent problem behaviour in China and the United States: A cross-national study of psychosocial protective factors. Journal of Research on adolescence, 13(3), 329–360.