Table 4. Proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress bio-indicators of rats in each group at the end of the experimental period.
| Parameter | Control | STZ | STZ + 1× ProbiogluTM | STZ + 5 × ProbiogluTM | STZ + 10× ProbiogluTM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNF-α (pg ml-1) | 3.4 ± 0.18 | 4.22 ± 0.51# | 3.87 ± 0.61 | 3.83 ± 0.29 | 2.83 ± 0.99* |
| IL-1β (pg ml-1) | 212.3 ± 84.1 | 300.2 ± 133.0# | 208.7 ± 64.2* | 201.6 ± 26.5* | 188.6 ± 24.8* |
| IL-6 (pg ml-1) | 166.0 ± 32.4 | 252.5 ± 26.7# | 213.4 ± 61.3#* | 198.8 ± 51.4* | 187.5 ± 35.9* |
| SOD activity (U ml-1) | 3.32 ± 0.33 | 2.26 ± 1.29# | 2.64 ± 0.99 | 3.15 ± 0.69 | 3.41 ± 0.64* |
| MDA (μM) | 1.82 ± 0.06 | 2.62 ± 0.18# | 2.56 ± 0.15# | 2.43 ± 0.37# | 2.20 ± 0.32* |
| GSH (μM) | 7.08 ± 0.75 | 6.43 ± 2.39 | 7.73 ± 1.55 | 7.88 ± 3.29 | 8.18 ± 2.20 |
Untreated rats (control group), streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats (STZ group), and STZ + ProbiogluTM-treated rats (STZ + 1× ProbiogluTM group, 5.17 × 109 CFU kg-1 d-1; STZ + 5× ProbiogluTM group, 2.58 × 1010 CFU kg-1 d-1; STZ + 10× ProbiogluTM group, 5.17 × 1010 CFU kg-1 d-1). Each group consisted of 8 rats in this study.
SOD, superoxide dismutase; MDA, malondialdehyde; GSH, glutathione.
* indicates a significant difference compared with the STZ group at p < 0.05
# represents a significant difference compared to the control group at p < 0.05.