Table 1.
PGPR’s mechanisms to alleviate salinity stress in plants.
| Bacteria | EPS Mechanism | Crop | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Aeromonas hydrophila/caviae MAS765 Bacillus insolitus MAS17 Bacillus sp. MAS617 Bacillus sp. MAS620 Bacillus sp. MAS820 |
Restricted Na+ uptake by a reduced passive flow of Na+ into the stele due to the higher proportion of root zones covered with soil sheaths in inoculated plants | Wheat | Ashraf et al. [52] |
| Bacillus circulans UBF 26 | |||
| Bacillus polymyxa UBF 15 | |||
|
Bacillus subtilis
Serratia proteamaculans |
Restricted Na+ influx due to free soil Na+ binding by EPS | Soybean | Han and Lee [58] |
| Consortium of Cyanobacteria | Removes Na+ from aqueous solution by Na+ adsorption | Wheat; Maize; Rice | Arora et al. [59] |
| Bacillus licheniformis SKU3 | Restricted Na+ uptake in saline and non-saline soil by EPS | Wheat | Upadhyay et al. [17] |
| Bacillus pumilus SKU4 | |||
| Bacillus sp. SKU5 | |||
| Burkholderia cepacia SKU6 | |||
| Enterobacter sp. SKU7 | |||
| Enterobacter sp. SKU8 | |||
| Microbacterium sp. SKU9 | |||
| Paenibacillus macerans SKU10 | |||
| Paenibacillus sp. SKU11 | |||
| Bacillus coagulans SKU12 | |||
| Bacillus insolitus SKU13 | |||
|
Oceanobacillus profundus Pmt2 Staphylococcus saprophyticus ST1 |
Na+ chelation. Increased mass of roots adhering soil (RAS) and biofilm stability | Lens esculenta | Qurashi and Sabri [60] |
|
Halomonas variabilis HT1 Planococcus rifietoensis RT4 |
Enhances soil aggregation and biofilm formation | Chickpea | Qurashi and Sabri [61] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa PF07 | Enhances root-adhering soil to root tissue ratio (RAS/RT) | Sunflower | Tewari and Arora [62] |
|
Rhodopseudomonas palustris TN114 Rhodopseudomonas palustris PP803 |
Reduces Na+ in aqueous solution by EPS binding of Na+ (Na+ binding by galacturonic acid) |
Nunkaew et al. [63] | |
| Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 | Improves Na+ homeostasis | Maize | Chen et al. [64] |
| Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HM6 | Root protection by enhancing biofilm stability | Barley | Kasim et al. [65] |
| Pseudomonas sp. AK-1 | Restricted Na+ influx due to free soil Na+ binding by EPS | Soybean | Kasotia et al. [54] |
| Pseudomonas anguilliseptica SAW24 | Root protection by enhancing biofilm stability | Faba bean | Mohammed [66] |
|
Bacillus subtilis TP7
Marinobacter lipolyticus SM19 |
Restricted Na+ uptake | Wheat | Atouei et al. [67] |