Table 9.
Comprehensive summary on the skin protective effects of black cumin.
| Treatment with Doses | Experimental Model | Major Findings (Including Molecular Changes) |
References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydroethanolic seed extracts (20% or 40%) | Diabetic skin wounded male Wistar rats | ↑ Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect | [131] |
| NSO-containing cold cream | Wounded (dermis + epidermis) male albino Wistar rats | ↑Epithelialization rate | [227] |
| A mixture of 1:1 ratio of honey and cold-pressed NSO | A circular excision wound in the back region of male albino Wistar rats | ↓ Wound surface area | [220] |
| Cold pressed NSO (3 mL) |
Double-blind randomized study with Albino rabbits | ↑ Wound contraction; ↓inflammation | [228] |
| NSO cream (50%) |
Female Wistar-albino rats with 84 excisional skin wounds on the backs | ↑ Epithelialization and granulation | [221] |
| 70% hot methanolic seed extract | Male adult rabbits with skin incision | ↑Wound healing without any infection | [222] |
| Ethanolic seed extract (IC50 values of 71.54 ± 3.22 μg/mL) |
Murine macrophage leukemia cell line (RAW 264.7), human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60), Murine embryonic fibroblast cell line (3T3-CCL92) | ↑Wound closure | [229] |
| Hydrodistillation of seed [0.6% (w/w) of essential oil] (10 μL) | Diabetic Sprague–Dawley male rats with 2 excision wounds on the upper back of each animal with a dermal punch | ↓ Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation | [219] |
| NSO (2 g/kg b.w.) |
Albino Wister male rats | ↑Formation of wound collagen | [230] |
| Ethyl acetate seed extract (15%) | Gel prepared with the seed extract | ↓Growth of S. aureus and P. acnes | [224] |
| TQ | Ethosomes gel with TQ | ↓Number and size of sebaceous glands | [225] |
| Pure NSO (5 mg/kg b.w.) |
Male Albino Rats having psoriasis-like skin inflammation | ↓ IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation | [231] |
| Hydrogel of hydro-ethanol seed extract | Randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris patients | ↓Number of comedones, papules, and pustules;no side effect | [226] |
| NSO-containing cream | Vitiligo patients, 47 body surface areas were affected | ↑Repigmentation | [232] |
| NSO | Three patients with contact dermatitis | Controlled contact dermatitis | [233] |