Table 10.
Comprehensive summary on the bone regenerative effects of black cumin.
| Treatment with Doses | Experimental Model | Major Findings (Including Molecular Changes) |
References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Seed extract | Socket healing in rabbits | ↑Active bone formation, thick trabeculae with highly vascular bone marrow and large numerous osteocytes | [235] |
| Seed extract | Calvarial defected ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rat models | ↑Bone formation; ↑bone healing | [234] |
| TQ (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) | Tibias defected male rats | ↑Ratio of new bone per total defect area and new bone trabeculae lined by active osteoblasts; ↑capillary intensity in the defect area;↑osteogenesis | [236] |
| NSO | Dental pulp MSCs isolated from 15–20 years old human patients from third molars | ↑Calcium concentrations | [237] |
| Seeds | Clinical trial with healthy patients (for evaluation of Topical NS application on Delayed Dental Implant | ↑Bone density after six months | [238] |