Table 12.
Drug interaction with black cumin and corresponding pharmacological effects.
| Active Compound/ Extract |
Interacting Drug | Experimental Model | Route of Drug Administration | Dose of Drug | Effects on Pharmacological Parameters | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TQ | Cyclosporine A (CsA) | Rodents | PO * IP |
TQ (PO, 10 mg/kg) CsA: 10 mg/KG (PO and IP) |
Bioavailability: oral CsA reduced by 32% but IP CsA was not affected Chronic CsA effect (Increase fasting glucose, cysteine C and marked kidney alteration) was reversed by TQ |
[303] |
| TQ | Glibenclamide (GBC) |
Rat | PO | 10 mg/kg | Plasma concentration of GBC increased by 13.4% (Single dose) and 21.8% (multiple doses) with TQ Synergistic effect on glucose level |
[306] |
| TQ | Quercetin (QR) | Fluorescence- assays | TQ (purity ≥95%, HPLC | Assay | An insignificant inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP1A2 or CYP2E1. Moderate to a strong inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 activity. Moderate inhibitors of the CYP2C9. QR has a moderate inhibitory effect on CYP2C19 and a strong inhibitory effect on CYP2D6. | [312] |
| Black cumin | Amoxicillin | Rat Model | PO | 25 mg/kg BW | Methanol and hexane extracts increased the permeation of amoxicillin significantly; Enhanced amoxicillin availability in both in vivo and in vitro |
[307] |
| Black cumin | Amoxicillin | Rat sac model |
Rat sac | Seed extract | The methanolic extract improved intestinal permeability of amoxicillin in the in vitro experiments in a dose-dependent manner | [313] |
| Black cumin | Sildenafil | Beagle dogs | PO | Sildenafil 100 mg | Reduced AUC0-∞, C max and t 1/2 of Sildenafil | [304] |
| Black cumin | Cyclosporine (CCS) | Rabbit | PO | 200 mg/kgCCS (30 mg/kg) | Co-administration significantly decreased the C(max)-35.5% and AUC (0-∞)-55.9% | [314] |
| Black cumin | Phenytoin | Beagle dogs | PO | Phenytoin 50 mg | Drastic reduction of elimination and to a lesser extent on VoD at steady state (Vss) with a consequent reduction of area under the curve (AUC0-∞) by about 87% | [305] |
| Black cumin | Theophylline | Beagle dogs | PO | 200 mg | No significant effect on theophylline disposition as measured by Cmax, Tmax, AUC0–∞, and CL/F | [308] |
| Black cumin | Carbamazepine (CBZ) | Rabbit | PO | Black cumin (200 mg/kg) or Lepidium sativum (150 mg/kg) | Concurrent use of Lepidium sativum but not black cumin alters the pharmacokinetics of CBZ | [309] |
| Black cumin | CYP2C11 | Wistar rats | PO | 300 mg/kg | Significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP2C11 in a dose-dependent manner. | [315] |
* PO—per os, IV: intravenous, IP: intraperitoneal.