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. 2021 May 24;13(6):973. doi: 10.3390/v13060973

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Chimeric HA vaccination approach. In this example, the cHA vaccine contains a stalk domain from H1 HA and head domain from an exotic avian HA subtype. Priming with the cHA induces a low antibody (Ab) response to stalk H1 HA. However, boosting with other cHAs containing the same stalk H1 HA domain with different HA head domains of exotic avian subtypes increases Ab responses to the H1 HA stalk domain. The protection conferred by the cHA is mediated by both neutralizing and non-neutralizing Abs (such as ADCC). The structure of HA was constructed using Swiss-Model (https://www.swissmodel.expasy.org/, accessed on 5 April 2021). The representative H1 HAs are from influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1)) with sequence obtained from GenBank (ACQ55359.1) or from influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996(H5N1)) with sequence obtained from GenBank (YP_529486.1).