Table 1.
Expression and function of renal vascular TRP channels.
| Publication | Animal species | Vasculature | Channel subtype | Methods used to study the expression | Salient finding(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walker, R. L. et al. (2001) | Dog | Main renal arteries | TRPC3, 4, 6, & 7 | RT-PCR and qRT-PCR | Canine renal arteries express TRPC3, 4, 6, and one splice variant of TRPC7. |
| Loutzenhiser and Loutzenhiser (2000) | Rat | Afferent & efferent arterioles | TRPC | Pharmacological interventions | AngII induces increase in [Ca2+]i in both the afferent and efferent arterioles, where Ca2+ entry in the afferent arterioles is mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels, and in efferent arterioles is mediated by store-operated Ca2+ entry sensitive to TRPC blockade. |
| Takenaka, T. et al. (2002) | Rat | Afferent & efferent arterioles | TRP-1 (TRPC1) | Immunohistochemistry | Significant differences in functional characteristics exist between afferent and efferent arterioles. AngII mediated vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles is VDCC-dependent, whereas that of efferent arterioles is TPRC-mediated. |
| Facemire, C. S. et al. (2004) | Rat | Preglomerular resistance vessels | TRPC1, 3, 4, 5, & 6. | RT-PCR, Western blotting | mRNAs for all TRPC subtypes except TRPC2 & 7 are expressed. TRPC3 mRNA is highly expressed in the resistance vessels in comparison to the aorta. Protein expression levels show an abundance of TRPC6. |
| Lee-Kwon, W. et al. (2005) | Rat | Vasa recta, peritubular capillaries, | TRPC4 | RT-PCR, Western blotting, confocal microscopy | A potential association exists between TRPC4 channels and a PDZ domain adaptor protein, NHERF-2, expressed in the DVR. TRPC4 but not TRPC5 is co-expressed with NHERF-2 in the pericytes and endothelial cells of DVR. |
| Fellner, S. K. & W. J. Arendshorst (2008) | Rat | Afferent arterioles | TRPC6 | Pharmacological interventions | AngII-mediated [Ca2+]i increase in afferent arterioles is attenuated by TRPC blockade and exaggerated by TRPC6 activation. |
| Salomonsson, M. et al. (2010) | Rat | Afferent arterioles | TRPC1/3/6 | Pharmacological interventions | Non-specific TRPC channel blockers SKF 96365 and Gd3+ attenuate norepinephrine-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in preglomerular resistance vessels. |
| Soni, H. et al. (2017) | Pig | Afferent arterioles | TRPC3 | RT-PCR, Western blot, and confocal microscopy | TRPC3 expression in the afferent arteriole increases with the maturation of the kidney in the postnatal period. A1R-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i is brought about by receptor-operated mechanisms and is dependent on the level of TRPC3 channel expression. |
| Unpublished data cited in Earley, S. (2013) | Rat | Interlobar arteries | TRPM4 | RT-PCR Immunocytochemistry |
TRPM4 is expressed in renal interlobar artery SMCs. TRPM4 channel inhibitor 9-phenanthrol inhibits myogenic constriction of isolated interlobar arteries. |
| Unpublished data presented in this review | Pig | Interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries and afferent arterioles | TRPP1 | RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence | TRPP1 mRNA and protein are expressed by large and small resistance vessels of the porcine kidney. TRPP1 colocalizes and interacts with the cytoplasmic carboxy terminal of PC1. |
| Chen, L. et al. (2015) | Mice | Renal artery Preglomerular and afferent arterioles, vasa recta | TRPV1 and TRPV4 | RT-PCR | TRPV1 activation causes NO-mediated vasorelaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted renal preglomerular resistance vessels but does not affect conduit arteries or vasa recta. Contrary to TRPV1, TRPV4 activation causes NO-mediated vasorelaxation in both conduit and resistance vessels. |
| Willette, R. N. et al. (2008) | Rat | Arcuate artery | TRPV4 | Immunohistochemistry | Renal arcuate artery endothelium is positive for TRPV4 immunostaining, whereas arterial smooth muscle and glomeruli are negative. |
| Soni, H. et al. (2017) | Pig | Interlobular arteries | TRPV4 | RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, Western blotting | TRPV4 channels mediate myogenic response in renal resistance arteries by activating downstream VDCCs via a phospholipase A2-independent mechanism. |
| Soni, H. et al. (2019) | Pig | Interlobular arteries, afferent arterioles | TRPV4 | Western blotting | TRPV4 channel expression is upregulated in renal IR injury, and TRPV4 is involved in renal IR injury by contributing to AngII evoked ROCE in SMCs. |