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. 2021 Jun 24;29(12):7765–7774. doi: 10.1007/s00520-021-06254-1

Table 3.

Housing/demographic characteristics and associations with food insecurity (n = 792)

Housing characteristics Categories Food secure (n = 247), no. (%) Food insecure (n = 545), no. (%) p value
Race (n = 763) Non-Hispanic Black 128 (35.2) 236 (64.8) .098
Hispanic/Latino 30 (22.1) 106 (77.9)
Non-Hispanic White 13 (22.0) 46 (78.0)
Some other race 65 (33.5) 139 (66.5)
Living unit typea (n = 792) Rental 169 (28.1) 432 (71.9) .005
Private 70 (41.9) 97 (58.1)
Shelter/supportive housing/homeless 2 (16.7) 10 (83.3)
Other 4 (44.4) 5 (55.6)
Monthly household income (n = 450) No income 35 (28.0) 90 (72.0) .087
Low income 42 (29.0) 103 (71.0)
Middle income 47 (32.2) 99 (67.8)
High income 17 (50.0) 17 (50.0)
Household density (n = 673) Overcrowded 47 (33.3) 94 (66.7) .355
Not overcrowded 156 (29.3) 376 (7.7)
Public housing (n = 749) Yes 51 (33.8) 100 (66.2) .495
No 185 (3.9) 413 (69.1)
Problems with living situation (n = 743) Yes 15 (23.4) 49 (76.6) .162
No 218 (32.1) 461 (67.9)
Problems with living situation (n = 64) No stovea 2 (28.6) 5 (71.4) .641
No heat 6 (2.0) 24 (8.0) .231
No watera 3 (33.3) 6 (66.7) .507
Floodinga 1 (10.0) 0 (0.0) .285
No electricitya 0 (0.0) 2 (100.0) .513
No windowsa 0 (0.0) 1 (100.0) .717
Satisfaction with living situation (n = 792) Not satisfied 20 (2.6) 77 (79.4) .000
Somewhat satisfied 67 (25.6) 195 (74.4)
Very satisfied 160 (37.0) 273 (63.0)
Self-reported need for housing assistance (n = 786) Yes 33 (2.8) 126 (79.2) .001
No 213 (34.0) 414 (66.0)
Feeling too crowded (n = 789) Yes 34 (22.4) 118 (77.6) .011
No 211 (33.1) 426 (66.9)