Table 1. Laboratory methods applied to the surveillance of deaths with suspected arbovirus infection.

Pathogen	Time-lapse	Method	Tissue
Dengue virus	2009–2016	Immunohistochemistry^a	Liver
	2009–2016	qPCR⁸	Liver, spleen, lungs and blood
	2017–2019	qPCR⁸	Liver, spleen, lungs and blood
Yellow fever virus	2009–2018	Immunohistochemistry^a	Liver
Yellow fever virus	2009–2018	qPCR⁹	Liver, spleen and blood
Chikungunya virus	2014	qPCR¹⁰	Blood
	2015–2018	qPCR¹⁰	Blood
	2015–2018	Immunohistochemistry^b	Heart, lungs, muscle
Zika vírus	2016–2018	Immunohistochemistry^b	Brain, placenta, fetal tissue
Zika vírus	2016–2018	qPCR¹¹	Brain, placenta, fetal tissue and blood
Influenza A / type H1N1 virus	2010–2018	Immunohistochemistry^b	Lungs
Influenza A / type H1N1 virus	2010–2018	qPCR^c	Lungs
Hantavirus	2009–2018	Immunohistochemistry^b	Lungs, kidney
Hantavirus	2009–2018	qPCR¹²	Lungs, kidney
Leishmania spp.	2010–2013	Immunohistochemistry^a	Liver, spleen, skin
	2014–2015	Immunohistochemistry^a
	2014–2015	qPCR¹³
Leptospira interrogans	2009–2018	Immunohistochemistry^a	Liver, kidney
Leptospira interrogans	2009–2018	qPCR¹⁴	Liver, kidney
Neisseria meningitidis	2010–2011	qPCR¹⁵	Brain
	2012–2015	qPCR¹⁵	Brain
	2012–2015	Immunohistochemistry^a	Brain, adrenal glands
	2016–2019	Immunohistochemistry^a	Brain, adrenal glands
Brazilian spotted fever	2009–2018	Immunohistochemistry^a	Liver, skin
	2010–2018	Immunohistochemistry^a	Liver, skin
	2010–2018	qPCR¹⁶	Liver, spleen, skin

^a Polyclonal primary antibodies and polymer conjugated secondary antibodies.

^b Monoclonal primary antibodies and polymer conjugated secondary antibodies.

^c CDC/Atlanta/EUA.