Table 4. Set of differential diagnostic tests according to the initial diagnosis of patient deaths associated with hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease of unknown etiology in the state of São Paulo from 2009 to 2019.
| Initial Diagnosis (n) | Diagnostic tests performed (IHC and/or PCR) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dengue virus | Leptospira spp. | Yellow fever virus | Rickettsia | Hantavirus | Influenza A / type H1N1 virus | Chikungunya virus | Zika virus | |
| Dengue, (1034) | 968 (94) | 730 (71) | 334 (32) | 555 (54) | 352 (34) | 112 (11) | 46 (4) | 21 (2) |
| Leptospirosis, (633) | 572 (90) | 606 (96) | 258 (41) | 415 (66) | 262 (41) | 79 (12) | 32 (5) | 9 (1) |
| Yellow fever, (398) | 250 (63) | 249 (63) | 374 (94) | 228 (57) | 154 (39) | 37 (9) | 37 (9) | 16 (4) |
| Rickettsia, (382) | 348 (91) | 342 (90) | 194 (51) | 349 (91) | 193 (51) | 34 (9) | 29 (8) | 5 (1) |
| Hantavirus, (319) | 300 (94) | 265 (83) | 155 (49) | 218 (68) | 283 (89) | 66 (21) | 15 (5) | 3 (1) |
| Influenza, (212) | 118 (56) | 134 (63) | 58 (27) | 102 (48) | 96 (45) | 90 (42) | 14 (7) | 4 (2) |
| Chikungunya, (48) | 38 (79) | 33 (69) | 33 (69) | 32 (67) | 20 (46) | 8 (17) | 26 (54) | 10 (21) |
| Zika virus, (23) | 15 (65) | 8 (35) | 9 (39) | 16 (70) | 4 (17) | 2 (9) | 10 (43) | 16 (70) |
Note: Percentages are out of the total in column 1 – e.g., 94% of cases in which dengue were the initial diagnoses were tested for dengue.