Table 4.

Other activities of O. elongatum.

Activities	Use part	Extracts	Experimental approach	Key results	References
Antiviral	Leaves	Essential oil	Cytopathogenic murine norovirus (MNV-1) RAW 264.7 cells	0.37 log10TCID50/ml reductions	[6]
	Flowering tops	Essential oil	Cytopathogenic murine norovirus (MNV-1) RAW 264.7 cells	0.75 log10TCID50/ml reductions	[6]
Antiparasitic	Leaves	Essential oil	Colonies of Apis mellifera bees Efficacy against Varroa mite in beehives	Significant increase in mite drop All Varroa mites died	[5]
	Leaves	Essential oil	Larva L3 of Anisakis pegreffii isolated from the host Scomber japonicas and Trachurus trachurus Female Wistar rats infected with 6 Anisakis larvae by gastric catheter Administration of O. elongatum (46.9 mg/0.5 mL of olive oil)	Significant larvicidal activity Significant alterations in the esophageal region and cuticle detected in a large number of recovered larvae	[16]
Antioxidant	Leaves	Essential oil	EC50 = 1.20 g of extract/g DPPH		[1]
Vasodilatory activity	Leaves	Methanol extract	Perfusion pressure (PP) of the mesenteric bed of the rat Synthesis inhibitor endothelial vasodilators factors Vasoconstrictor α-mimetic: phenylephrine (PHE) Difference between the blood pressure before injection and blood pressure after injection	Vasodilatory activity (PP = 50 mmHg)	[17]
Vasodilatory activity	Leaves	Ethyl acetate extract	Perfusion pressure (PP) of the mesenteric bed of the rat Synthesis inhibitor endothelial vasodilators factors Vasoconstrictor α-mimetic: phenylephrine (PHE) Difference between the blood pressure before injection and blood pressure after injection	Vasodilatory activity (PP = 20 mmHg)	[17]
Effect on pomegranate juice quality	Flowering tops	Essential oil	pH variation Determination of total sugars Growth of natural flora in the pomegranate juice	Improved the juice conservation process while preserving the nutritional and organoleptic qualities	[10]
Corrosion inhibition	Leaves and flowers	Methanol/chloroform extract	Corrosion current density (jcorr) Electrochemical measurements Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Mass loss method Adsorption isotherms	Corrosion potential (ecorr) decreased from −399.446 mV/ESC to −365.607 mV/ESC Significant decrease in corrosion current (jcorr) Increased the charge transfer resistance (Rct) with increased OEE concentration Ability of OEE to act as a protective layer against corrosion on mild steel	[18]
Hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)	Leaves	Methanol extract	Single-dose intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (0.6 ml/kg) induced hepatotoxicity in rats Rats treated orally by gavage four doses of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight	Significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in serum aminotransferase levels and canalicular enzyme ALP reduced the architectural destruction cells	[19]