. 2021 Jun 1;62(4):571–584. doi: 10.1007/s10329-021-00916-8

Table 1.

Results of GLMMs

Predictors	Estimates	SEM	CI₉₅	χ²	P
GLMM₁ presence of external signs of pathology (N = 140) (group identity was included as random factor)
(Intercept)^a	0.591	0.892	−1.156, 2.338	a	a
Sex (lactating females)^b	−1.392	0.576	−2.520, −0.263	−2.417	0.016
Sex (non-lactating females)^b	0.304	0.543	−0.761, 1.368	0.559	0.576
Age class (immature)^b	−1.044	0.545	−2.112, 0.024	−1.915	0.055
Group_category (frequent crop users)^b	1.189	0.541	0.129, 2.249	2.198	0.028
OMU size	−0.097	0.062	−0.217, 0.024	−1.573	0.116
GLMM₂ time spent daily in grooming interactions (N = 95) (dyad and unit identity were included as random factors)
(Intercept)^a	−2.167	0.589	−3.321, −1.011	a	a
Sex_actor (female)^b	−0.419	0.331	−1.067, 0.229	−1.265	0.210
Sex_receiver (female)^b	−0.119	0.271	−0.651, 0.412	−0.440	0.662
Age class_actor (adult)^b	0.538	0.445	−0.333, 1.410	1.210	0.230
Age class_receiver (adult)^b	−0.224	0.313	−0.388, 0.837	0.717	0.482
Area (crop)^b	−0.590	0.225	−1.031, −0.148	−2.622	0.010
Crop_users (frequent crop users)^b	−0.377	0.256	−0.878, 0.124	−1.474	0.146
Group_type (AMU)^b	0.116	0.468	−0.800, 1.032	0.248	0.805
Season (small rainy season)^b	0.583	0.212	0.167, 0.999	2.047	0.007
GLMM₃ intensity of aggression (N = 114) (dyad and OMU identity were included as random factors)
(Intercept)^a	0.512	0.564	−0.534, 1.557	a	a
OMU (inter-OMU)^b	1.143	0.779	−0.383, 2.669	1.467	0.142
Sex_dyad (different sex)^b	−0.017	0.486	−0.969, 0.935	−1.035	0.972
Area (crop)^b	−1.478	0.534	−2.524, −0.432	−2.770	0.006
Age_dyad (different age)^b	−0.588	0.470	−0.333, 1.508	1.251	0.211
Crop_user_dyad (different crop user frequency)^b	0.720	0.875	−2.435, 0.995	0.823	0.411
Season (small rainy season)^b	−0.731	0.541	−1.791, 0.329	−1.352	0.176

^aNot shown as not having a meaningful interpretation

^bThese predictors were dummy-coded, with the reference categories as follows: GLMM₁–Sex: “male”; Age class: “adult”; Group_category: “infrequent crop users”; GLMM₂–Sex actor/receiver: “male”; Age class actor/receiver: “immature”; Area: “pasture”; Crop users: “infrequent crop users”; Group_type: “OMU”; Season: “dry season”; GLMM₃–OMU: “intra-OMU”; Sex_dyad: “same sex”; Area: “pasture”; Age dyad: “same age”; Crop user dyad: “same crop user frequency”; Season: “dry season”