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. 2020 Jun 18;41(6):1325–1336. doi: 10.1007/s10571-020-00905-3

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© The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2021

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Fig. 1 — Experimental design. Animals were treated either with LPS or by HpX. Blood was sampled and EVs were isolated 4 h after LPS injection or 2 h after HpX. EVs from untreated animals were taken as normal controls. Sub-study I: concentrated EVs were added to cultured glia cells and inflammatory cytokines assayed in the conditioned medium was assayed after 1 h. Sub-study II: EVs were administered by an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection to healthy rats. CSF was taken 1 h after the injection and assayed for inflammatory cytokines. Sub-study III: EVs were administered by an intravenous (i.v.) injection via the femoral vein to healthy rats