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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 25.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2021 Apr 15;129(1):33–46. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319060

Figure 6. Ranolazine and Tofacitinib decrease ROS and CASP3 in the immuno-cardiac co-culture platform through different mechanisms.

Figure 6.

A, qRT-PCR analysis of expression levels for TNFA and IL6 in ranolazine or tofacitinib treated H9-derived macrophages exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (MOI=0.1).

B, C, Confocal imaging (B) and quantification (C) of relative mean CASP3 intensity in cTNT+ H9-derived CMs. CMs were treated with 10 μM ranolazine or 0.5 μM tofacitinib and then treated with IL-6. Scale bar= 50 μm.

D, Heatmap of JAK/STAT signaling pathway related genes in 10 μM ranolazine or 0.5 μM tofacitinib treated H9-derived CMs co-cultured with H9-derived macrophages infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus using trans-well plates (MOI=0.1).

E, Proposed mechanism of action.

N=3 independent biological replicates. Data was presented as mean ± STDEV. P values were calculated by one-way ANOVA. n.s. no significance, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.