Table 1.

Plasma and urine concentrations and renal protein and gene expression levels of inflammatory, coagulation, and renal injury molecules

		Baseline		60 min during CPB		60 min post-CPB
		CPB control	CPB Aprotinin	CPB control	CPB Aprotinin	CPB control	CPB Aprotinin
Plasma	IL-6 (pg/ml)	21 ± 3	16 ± 9	71 ± 16*	85 ± 32*	772 ± 354*	775 ± 235*
	vWF (ng/ml)	159 ± 40	163 ± 23	243 ± 32*	240 ± 57*	275 ± 98*	248 ± 54*
	sTM (ng/ml)	0.2 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.6*	1.1 ± 0.6*	6.0 ± 0.7*	6.0 ± 1.5*
	TAT (ng/ml)	1.6 ± 0.8	1.7 ± 1.0	1.5 ± 0.7	1.6 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 1.4*	2.9 ± 1.0*
	NGAL (ng/ml)	48 ± 7	43 ± 9	–	–	2012 ± 970*	1880 ± 700*
	KIM-1 (pg/ml)	177 ± 27	193 ± 31	–	–	273 ± 81*	239 ± 48
	Creatinine (nmol/ml)	23 ± 1	24 ± 1	–	–	58 ± 12*	57 ± 10*
Urine	NGAL (ng/ml)	–	–	–	–	659 ± 676	524 ± 387
	KIM-1 (pg/ml)	–	–	–	–	1281 ± 865	1103 ± 703
Gene expression	ICAM-1	–	–	–	–	71 ± 56	68 ± 48
	VCAM-1	–	–	–	–	1.8 ± 1.1	2.0 ± 0.8
	E-selectin	–	–	–	–	0.09 ± 0.04	0.10 ± 0.05
	P-selectin	–	–	–	–	0.11 ± 0.07	0.10 ± 0.04
	PAR1	–	–	–	–	0.63 ± 0.30	0.78 ± 0.23
	NGAL	–	–	–	–	29 ± 17	31 ± 16
	KIM-1	–	–	–	–	9 ± 8	7 ± 6
Protein expression	PAR1	–	–	–	–	9.5 ± 6.7	10.0 ± 4.6

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation

CPB cardiopulmonary bypass, IL-6 interleukin-6, ICAM-1 intracellular adhesion molecule 1, VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, vWF von Willebrand Factor, sTM soluble thrombomodulin, TAT thrombin–antithrombin complex, PAR1 protease-activated receptor 1, NGAL neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, KIM-1 kidney injury molecule-1

^*p < 0.05 versus baseline, #p < 0.05 CPB control versus CPB aprotinin