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. 2021 Jun 24;12:3946. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24170-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Somatic mutations of 58 pairs of AFPGC samples. The matrix in the middle panel shows somatic mutations by tumor sample (column) and by gene (row). The top histogram shows the frequency of nonsynonymous mutation and synonymous mutation. The top tracks show histopathological characteristics of tumor samples. The left histogram shows the number of alterations accumulated on 34 significantly mutated genes identified by MuSic analysis. The right histogram shows negative log transformation of P-value. b, c Gene mutation rates of AFPGC in comparison with TCGA-GC (b) or four subtypes of TCGA-GC (c). Orange dots, genes with significantly higher mutation rate in AFPGC; blue dots, genes with significantly lower mutation rate in AFPGC. d Distribution of nonsynonymous somatic TP53 mutations identified in 58 AFPGC. e Ninety-six substitutions derived from WES data of 58 pairs of AFPGC samples. The horizontal axis represents mutation patterns of 96 substitutions with different colors. The vertical axis depicts the estimated mutations attributed to a specific mutation type. f The distribution of mutation signatures in AFPGC across various clinicopathological characteristics. AFPGC, α-fetoprotein-producing gastric carcinoma; CIN, chromosomal instability; EBV, Epstein–Barr virus; FDR, false discovery rate; GS, genomically stable; Hepatoid, hepatoid differentiation; MSI, microsatellite instability; Non syn, nonsynonymous mutation; Syn, synonymous mutation; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; Tubular/Papillary, tubular or papillary differentiation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.