TABLE 1.
Outcomes of studies which evaluated function of XIST in animal models (Δ: knock down or deletion).
| Cancer type | Animal models | Results | References |
| Bladder cancer | NOD/SCID mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Xu et al., 2018 |
| BALB/C nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Hu et al., 2017 | |
| Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↑ PD sensitivity | Chen et al., 2020 | |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Cheng et al., 2018 |
| BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Zhao et al., 2020 | |
| Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Shi et al., 2020 | |
| Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma | Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Liu et al., 2020 |
| Oral squamous cell carcinoma | Nude mice | ↑ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Li et al., 2020c |
| Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | BABL/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Wu et al., 2017 |
| Gastric cancer | BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Li et al., 2020a |
| BALB/c-nu/nu mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↓ invasion | Ma et al., 2017 | |
| BABL/c athymic nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↓ metastasis | Chen et al., 2016 | |
| BALB/c-nu/nu nude | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Li et al., 2020b | |
| Colorectal cancer | BALB/C nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Sun et al., 2018 |
| BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Wang et al., 2020b | |
| BALB/C nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Yang et al., 2020 | |
| BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↑ anti-tumor effect of DOX, ↓ tumorigenesis | Zhuang et al., 2016 | |
| Athymic nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↓ metastasis | Chen et al., 2017 | |
| Pancreatic cancer | Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Sun et al., 2018 |
| Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Liu et al., 2020 | |
| Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Liang et al., 2017 | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Kong et al., 2018 |
| BALB/c-nu/nu mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Mo et al., 2017 | |
| BALB/c thymus-free nude mice | ↑ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Zhang et al., 2019 | |
| Nude mice | ↑ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Lin et al., 2018 | |
| Renal cell carcinoma | BALB/C mice | ↑ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Sun et al., 2019 |
| Lung cancer | BALB/c nude mice | ↑ XIST: ↑ tumorigenesis, ↑ cisplatin resistance | Sun et al., 2017 |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | BABL/c athymic nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Jiang et al., 2018 |
| Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Qiu et al., 2019 | |
| BALB/c nude male mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↑ DDP chemosensitivity | Xu et al., 2020 | |
| BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Zhang et al., 2017 | |
| Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Zhou et al., 2019c | |
| BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↓ liver metastasis | Wang et al., 2019 | |
| BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Fang et al., 2016 | |
| BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↓ DDP chemoresistance | Tian et al., 2019 | |
| BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Jiang et al., 2020 | |
| Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ pulmonary metastasis | Li et al., 2018 | |
| Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Wang et al., 2017 | |
| Breast cancer | BALB/c nude mice | ↑ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Li et al., 2020d |
| Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↑ tumorigenesis, ↑ brain metastasis, ↑EMT, ↑ stemness | Xing et al., 2018 | |
| BALB/c nu/nu mice | Δ XIST: ↑ tumorigenesis, ↑ migration | Zhao et al., 2020 | |
| BALB/c nude mice | ↑ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Liu et al., 2020 | |
| Ovarian cancer | Athymic nude mice | ↑ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↑ cisplatin chemosensitivity | Wang et al., 2018 |
| Nude mice | ↑ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↑ paclitaxel sensitivity, ↓ CD44 + /CD24-population cells | Huang et al., 2020 | |
| BALB/c mice | ↑ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Guo et al., 2021 | |
| Prostate cancer | BALB/C nude mice | ↑ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Du et al., 2017 |
| Osteosarcoma | BALB/c nude mice | ↑ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Zhang and Xia, 2017 |
| BALB/C nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Xu et al., 2017 | |
| BALB/c athymic nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Gao et al., 2019 | |
| BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↓ metastasis | Yang et al., 2018 | |
| Glioma | BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Cheng et al., 2020 |
| BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↑ survival time | Shen et al., 2020 | |
| BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↓ angiogenesis | Cheng et al., 2017 | |
| BALB/C athymic nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↑ survival time | Yao et al., 2015 | |
| Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Wang et al., 2020c | |
| Thyroid cancer | Athymic nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Liu et al., 2018 |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Wang et al., 2020a |
| Retinoblastoma | BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↑ VCR sensitivity | Yao et al., 2020 |
| Cervical cancer | Athymic BALB/c mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↓ EMT | Chen et al., 2019 |
| Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Liu et al., 2020 | |
| Neuroblastoma | BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↑ survival time | Zhang et al., 2019 |
| BALB/c nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis | Yang et al., 2020 | |
| Chordoma | Nude mice | Δ XIST: ↓ tumorigenesis, ↑ apoptosis | Hai et al., 2020 |