Figure 2.

Inulin and sodium butyrate induce Paneth cell antimicrobial expression which is decreased by high-fat and high-sugar diet. C57BL/6 mice fed different diets as described in Figure 1 are shown. Relative mRNA expression level of cryptdin-1 (A), cryptdin-4 (B), CRS1C (C), pan-cryptdin (D) and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7) (E) in ileal tissue determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Data are presented as means +/- standard error of the mean (SEM) (n = 6–8). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett´s or Sidak´s post-test. Significant differences are indicated as *p-value < 0.05; **p-value < 0.01; ***p-value < 0.001.