Figure 7.

Supplementation with inulin and sodium butyrate improves intestinal permeability and inflammation. C57BL/6 mice fed different diets as described in Figure 1 . (A) Intestinal permeability was determined by claudin-3 level in the urine. (B) Endotoxin concentrations in the portal venous plasma. (C) PEG4000 recovery in urine in percent of orally administered PEG4000 by gavage. Relative mRNA expression level of TNF-α (D) and IL-6 (F) in the ileum and TNF-α (E) and IL-6 (G) in the colon determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Data are presented as means +/- standard error of the mean (SEM) (n = 6–10). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett´s or Sidak´s post-test or by Kruskal-Wallis-test for non-parametric data with a Dunn’s post-test. Significant differences are indicated as *p-value < 0.05; **p-value < 0.01; ***p-value < 0.001. PEG4000, polyethylene glycol 4000.