The gray dashed vertical line in each panel indicates the last month (F) before the extrapolation of survival functions. We selected a month close to the end of follow-up, depending on the sparsity of the observed death events. The values of F in months for these men are 85 for stage 0, 117 for stage A, 105 for stage B, 109 for stage C, and 82 for stage D (eTable 1 in the Supplement). The area between the 2 curves in each panel represents the mean difference in life expectancies (LEs) between men with hepatocellular carcinoma of a specific stage (area below the orange and blue lines) and that of the sex-, age-, and calendar year–matched referents simulated from life tables obtained using Taiwan’s National Vital Statistics (area below the black line).