Chang 2006.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: survey ‐ relevant data are descriptive data within the discussion around the quantitative survey results Country: Taiwan Study aim: examined whether two components of social capital (social interaction and trust) can enhance an individual’s ability in reducing emotional exhaustion and job tension when medical professionals encounter a crisis such as SARS. Study recruitment details: 400 surveys were sent to medical professionals across the 4 medical centres and staff were asked to respond anonymously Setting: 4 medical centres (hospitals), each had complete facilities, such as negative air pressure isolation wards, and specially trained staff working exclusively in taking care of SARS patients Epidemic/pandemic disease: SARS Phase of disease outbreak: during the outbreak
Participants	Total study population: 244 questionnaires return but, only 211 questionnaires were usable Inclusion criteria: not reported Exclusion criteria: not reported Type (profession) of staff: registered nurses (67%), resident doctors (33%) Length of time in the profession: not reported Previous experience of working in the frontline during an epidemic/pandemic: not reported Details of who the frontline staff were providing care for: SARS patients. Study authors report that 51% participants had some temporary contact with SARS patients; 16% cared for SARS patients, and 33% did not have contact with SARS patients
Interventions	1. Social capital (social interaction and trust) Type of intervention: workplace intervention Materials: not reported Procedures: social interaction was defined as connections between employees within an organisation. Examples of social interaction interventions could include: formal meetings/informal social events/lunch or coffee breaks. Trust was defined as "the expectation among focal individuals that they will make good faith efforts to behave in accordance with commitments, be honest in negotiation, and not take advantage of others, even when the opportunity is available". Examples of trust included observed word keeping/honesty in negotiations/team–player behaviour Provided by: self‐reported Delivery: not applicable Regimen: not applicable Tailoring: not applicable Modification: not applicable Adherence: not applicable Details of any adverse events/unintended consequences: none reported
Outcomes	Outcomes: questionnaires were developed based on authors previous research. 7 statements were generated 3 for social interaction (items were ‘‘I have close personal interaction with my colleagues’’; ‘‘I know my colleagues and colleagues’ family members’’; and ‘‘I spend time together in social occasions with my colleagues.’’) and 4 for trust (items were ‘‘I believe I can rely on my colleagues without any fear that they will take advantage of me’’; ‘‘I don't have any harmful intention toward my colleagues for my own personal advantage’’; ‘‘My colleagues and I rely on each other’’; and ‘‘My colleagues and I trust each other.’’). study authors also measured emotional exhaustion (2 items: ‘‘I felt burned out from my work during the period of the SARS outbreak’’; and ‘‘I felt emotionally drained from my work during the period of the SARS outbreak.’’) and job tension (4 items: ‘‘I worked under a great deal of tension’’; ‘‘I feel a lot of anxiety’’; ‘‘I tend to be absent from work more often’’; and ‘‘I feel fear for no reason.’’) Data collection: data were collected once
Funding	Funding statement: not reported Conflict of interest: not reported
Notes	Included in the review of qualitative evidence synthesis. Classified as a 'descriptive study', as descriptive data were used from the report of this survey‐based study. Methodological assessment: assessed using WEIRD tool Overall assessment: major limitations. For details of assessment see Table 10, and for support for judgements see Appendix 14.