| TYR | Tyrosinase |
| TRP-1 | Tyrosinase-related protein-1 |
| TRP-2 | Tyrosinase-related protein-2 |
| MITF | Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor |
| DQ | Dopaquinone |
| L-DOPA | L-dihydroxyphenylalanine |
| DHI | 5, 6-dihydroxyindole |
| α-MSH | α-melanocyte stimulating hormone |
| MC1R | Melanocortin-1 receptor |
| PKA | Protein kinase A |
| CREB | cAMP response element binding protein |
| MAPKs | Mitogen-activated protein kinases |
| ERK | Extracellularly responsive kinase |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
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